The Infectious Diseases Hospital in Kano, Nigeria, was treating meningitis patients in 1996 when Pfizer administered the experimental drug Trovan to children. (2000 Photos By Michael Williamson — The Washington Post) Source
1996 年，尼日利亚卡诺传染病医院正在治疗脑膜炎患者，辉瑞公司向儿童施用试验药物特洛芬。 （2000 年照片由迈克尔·威廉姆森拍摄 — 华盛顿邮报） 来源
That would have been the end, except that a controversy erupted soon after about the relationship between Pfizer’s need for test trials and the meningitis outbreak. As it happened, the WHO was in Nigeria immediately prior to that time on another of its “life-saving” vaccination programs, this time for polio, and the timing and location of the meningitis outbreak apparently matched perfectly the WHO’s polio vaccination program. And of course, it perfectly matched Pfizer’s need for large numbers of test subjects. There were lawsuits and payments, accusations and denials, but to this day Nigeria refuses WHO entry into the country and will not participate in any further “humanitarian” aid from the UN or the WHO.
如果不是不久后辉瑞公司需要进行试验与脑膜炎爆发之间的关系爆发了争议，那就完了。事实上，世界卫生组织在此之前就在尼日利亚开展另一项“拯救生命”的疫苗接种计划，这次是针对脊髓灰质炎的，脑膜炎爆发的时间和地点显然与世界卫生组织的脊髓灰质炎疫苗接种计划完全吻合。当然，它完全符合辉瑞公司对大量受试者的需求。有诉讼和付款、指控和否认，但直到今天，尼日利亚拒绝世界卫生组织入境，也不会参与联合国或世界卫生组织的任何进一步“人道主义”援助。
We cannot definitively say that the WHO deliberately created the meningitis epidemic for the benefit of Pfizer’s tests, but it’s the only theory that fits all the known facts and it’s the kind of thing the WHO appears to do on a regular basis. We should note Pfizer’s intention to market Trovan in the US and Europe after its trials on these African children, but the FDA refused to approve Trovan for American children due to the severe dangers.
我们不能肯定地说，世界卫生组织故意制造脑膜炎疫情是为了辉瑞公司的检测，但这是唯一符合所有已知事实的理论，也是世界卫生组织似乎经常做的事情。我们应该注意到，辉瑞公司在对这些非洲儿童进行试验后，打算在美国和欧洲销售Trovan，但由于存在严重危险，美国食品药品监督管理局拒绝批准Trovan用于美国儿童。
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Pfizer’s behavior after these “field trials” ended was, if anything, even more reprehensible. The lawsuits were based on claims that Pfizer did not have proper consent from parents to use an experimental drug on their children, the use of which not only left many children dead but others with brain damage or paralysis. Pfizer eventually reached a settlement with the Nigerian state government to pay $75m in damages and to create a fund of $35m to compensate the victims. This, after what the Guardian described as “a 15-year legal battle against Pfizer over a fiercely controversial drug trial”. Pfizer not only resisted to the end, forcing the poor families through 15 years of hell before finally relenting, but resorted to extortion and blackmail of Nigerian government officials in attempts to avoid making any payments to the families of the tiny victims of its illegal drug trial. The UK Guardian reported that leaked US government diplomatic cables revealed that “Pfizer hired investigators to look for evidence of corruption against the Nigerian attorney general in an effort to persuade him to drop the legal action”, with the apparent full knowledge and assistance of the US State Department.
辉瑞在这些“现场试验”结束后采取的行为，如果有什么不同的话，则更应受到谴责。诉讼的依据是辉瑞没有得到父母适当的同意，在他们的孩子身上使用一种实验性药物，这种药物的使用不仅导致许多儿童死亡，还导致其他儿童脑损伤或瘫痪。辉瑞最终与尼日利亚州政府达成和解，支付7500万美元的赔偿金，并设立3500万美元的基金，以补偿受害者。这是在《卫报》描述为“就一项极具争议的药物试验与辉瑞进行了15年的法律斗争”之后。辉瑞不仅坚持到底，迫使贫困家庭度过了15年的地狱般的生活，最终才让步，而且还对尼日利亚政府官员进行敲诈勒索，企图避免向非法药物试验的小受害者的家属支付任何款项。英国《卫报》报道称，泄露的美国政府外交电报显示，“辉瑞聘请调查人员寻找尼日利亚司法部长腐败的证据，以说服他放弃法律诉讼”，这显然是在美国国务院的充分知情和协助下进行的。
The Guardian stated the diplomatic cables recorded meetings between Pfizer’s country manager, Enrico Liggeri, and US officials at the Abuja embassy on 9 April 2009, stating, “According to Liggeri, Pfizer had hired investigators to uncover corruption links to federal attorney general Michael Aondoakaa to expose him and put pressure on him to drop the federal cases. He said Pfizer’s investigators were passing this information to local media.” The Guardian also reported there was no suggestion or evidence Nigeria’s attorney general was swayed by this pressure. Pfizer of course claimed the entire notion was “preposterous”, but we can assume the cables – which were classified as “Confidential” – didn’t lie.
《卫报》称，外交电报记录了辉瑞公司国家经理恩里科·利格里和美国官员于2009年4月9日在阿布贾大使馆举行的会面，并称：“据利格里称，辉瑞公司已聘请调查人员揭露与联邦检察长迈克尔·安多阿卡之间的腐败联系，以揭露他并迫使他放弃联邦案件。他说辉瑞公司的调查人员正在将这一信息传递给当地媒体。” 《卫报》还报道称，没有迹象或证据表明尼日利亚检察长受到这种压力的影响。辉瑞公司当然声称整个概念是“荒谬的”，但我们可以假设这些被列为“机密”的电报没有撒谎。
It seems Pfizer was dissembling in all its statements, not only with claims of government approval and parental knowledge, but their claim a Nigerian doctor was in charge and directed the experiments. The government’s study found the local doctor was the director “in name only” and most often was not even informed of the procedures of the study and was typically “kept in the dark”. As well Pfizer used the fake letter from a non-existent department to obtain FDA approval for these clinical trials. Pfizer finally admitted the forged letter was “incorrect”, but I’m not sure that is the most appropriate adjective to use. Pfizer also made the infuriatingly dishonest claim that its antibiotic “Trovan demonstrated the highest survival rate of any treatment at the hospital. Trovan unquestionably saved lives.” Well, maybe, but the data on which Pfizer based this claim were the fact that in one location five patients died after using Pfizer’s drug while six patients died after using another medication, with no data as to infection severity or anything else. At best, an empty and fundamentally dishonest claim.
辉瑞公司似乎在所有声明中都进行了掩饰，不仅声称政府批准和父母知情，而且声称尼日利亚医生负责并指导实验。政府的研究发现，当地医生“名义上”是主任，但通常甚至不知道研究程序，并且通常“被蒙在鼓里”。辉瑞公司还使用不存在的部门的假信件来获得FDA对这些临床试验的批准。辉瑞公司最终承认伪造的信件是“不正确的”，但我不确定这是最恰当的形容词。辉瑞公司还做出了令人愤慨的不诚实声明，即其抗生素“Trovan”在医院的治疗中显示出最高的存活率。Trovan无疑挽救了生命。”好吧，也许，但辉瑞公司所依据的数据是，在一个地方，使用辉瑞公司的药物后有5名患者死亡，而使用另一种药物后有6名患者死亡，没有关于感染严重程度或其他任何方面的数据。充其量是一个空洞的、根本不诚实的声明。
To deflect the issue of Pfizer’s Trovan being lethal to children, the company claimed that the international body Doctors Without Borders (Médecins sans Frontières) were administering Pfizer’s drug in their own large treatment program, a claim MSF vehemently denied, saying, “We have never worked with this family of antibiotic. We don’t use it for meningitis. That is the reason why we were shocked to see this trial in the hospital.” It was Pfizer’s Liggeri who claimed the lawsuits against Pfizer “were wholly political in nature”, and Liggeri as well who concocted the accusation that MSF had administered Pfizer’s Trovan to children.
为了转移辉瑞公司的Trovan对儿童具有致命性的问题，该公司声称国际组织无国界医生组织（Médecins sans Frontières）正在他们自己的大型治疗方案中使用辉瑞公司的药物，无国界医生组织强烈否认这一说法，并表示：“我们从未使用过这种抗生素家族。我们不将其用于脑膜炎。这就是为什么我们看到医院里的这项试验感到震惊的原因。”正是辉瑞公司的Liggeri声称对辉瑞公司的诉讼“完全是政治性的”，而且Liggeri还捏造了无国界医生组织将辉瑞公司的Trovan用于儿童的指控。
In 2006 the Washington Post reported on a lengthy Nigerian government study that concluded Pfizer violated international law by testing its unapproved drug on children with brain infections. The Post apparently obtained a copy of the confidential report which had been hidden away for five years, and which stated Pfizer had never received authorisation from the government for its clinical trial, the apparent authorisation letter having been forged on the letterhead of a non-existent department and backdated to a date prior to the study. According to the Post’s article, the government claimed Pfizer’s ‘humanitarian effort’ was “an illegal trial of an unregistered drug, and a clear case of exploitation of the ignorant.” [1] [2]
2006年，《华盛顿邮报》报道了尼日利亚政府的一项长期研究，该研究得出结论，辉瑞公司通过在脑部感染儿童身上测试其未经批准的药物，违反了国际法。 《华盛顿邮报》显然获得了这份机密报告的副本，该报告已被隐藏了五年，其中指出辉瑞公司从未获得政府对其临床试验的授权，这封看似授权信的信笺上印有不存在的部门的抬头，并追溯到研究之前的日期。 根据《华盛顿邮报》的文章，政府声称辉瑞公司的“人道主义努力”是“对未注册药物的非法试验，以及对无知的明显剥削”。 [1] [2]
The American response was not one of shame for participating in this fraud, nor did the State Department condemn Pfizer for either conducting the drug trials or attempting the extortion and blackmail. Instead, the US ambassador condemned the leak of US embassy cables, as if publicly revealing a crime constituted a worse action than the crime itself. The State Department rushed the high moral ground to condemn “endangering innocent people” and “sabotaging peaceful relations between nations”, ignoring the facts that Pfizer’s trials did far more to ‘endanger innocent people’ and ‘sabotage relations’ than could be done by the revelation of a crime. But in the eyes of the US government, Americans do not commit crimes, and in any case the victims weren’t white. The cables further claimed Pfizer settled only because legal and ‘investigative’ fees had been costing the company more than $15 million per year, which leads one to wonder what occurs in the minds of these people who will spend $15 million a year for 15 years, to avoid paying half that sum to compensate lives they destroyed.
美国的回应不是对参与这一欺诈行为的羞愧，国务院也没有谴责辉瑞公司进行药物试验或企图敲诈勒索。相反，美国大使谴责了美国大使馆电报的泄露，仿佛公开揭露犯罪行为比犯罪行为本身更糟糕。国务院急于用崇高的道德立场谴责“危害无辜人民”和“破坏国家间和平关系”，忽略了辉瑞公司的试验对“危害无辜人民”和“破坏关系”的作用远远大于犯罪行为被揭露所造成的影响。但在美国政府看来，美国人不会犯罪，而且无论如何受害者都不是白人。电报进一步声称辉瑞公司之所以和解，是因为法律和“调查”费用每年使该公司花费超过1500万美元，这让人不禁想知道，这些每年花费1500万美元的人，在15年内会做些什么，以避免支付一半的金额来赔偿他们所摧毁的生命。
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And there is still more. We have seen so many documented examples of the US courts assuming jurisdiction where they have none, agreeing to try cases without any US involvement that occurred wholly outside the US, in flagrant violations of international law, and indicative only of imperial arrogance. But when Nigeria attempted to file claims against Pfizer in the US, the American courts refused to hear the cases, oddly claiming they had no jurisdiction. And this isn’t the first time the US government, the State Department and the US courts have circled the wagons to protect a US multinational by closing the courts. [3] [4] [5]
还有更多。我们看到许多有记录的例子，美国法院在没有管辖权的情况下承担管辖权，同意在没有美国参与的情况下审理完全在美国境外发生的案件，公然违反国际法，只表明帝国的傲慢。但是当尼日利亚试图在美国对辉瑞公司提起诉讼时，美国法院拒绝审理这些案件，奇怪地声称他们没有管辖权。这不是美国政府、国务院和美国法院第一次通过关闭法院来保护美国跨国公司。[3] [4] [5]
In 2004 and 2007, the Nigerian media carried reports which were heavily suppressed in US and Western media that the country was refusing to permit UN health authorities to carry out further administration of polio vaccines. The government adamantly blamed the WHO for having initiated the meningitis epidemic with their polio vaccination campaign, which occurred immediately prior to, and in the same areas as, the meningitis outbreak. Nigerian leaders were also concerned that polio and other foreign vaccines were deliberately contaminated with sterilising and other agents, as occurred in the Philippines and other nations at around the same time. In much of Africa, there appears to be little remaining of the trust that once existed in international agencies and US and European pharma companies. Today, they are viewed primarily as imperial predators with a distinctly anti-human agenda, or at least an agenda that is anti non-white. The portions of Nigeria and other African nations that do still permit vaccinations now insist these be prepared in a trusted non-Western country with no involvement of the WHO or other Western agencies.
2004年和2007年，尼日利亚媒体报道称，该国拒绝允许联合国卫生当局进一步管理脊髓灰质炎疫苗，但遭到美国和西方媒体的严厉压制。政府坚决谴责世界卫生组织通过脊髓灰质炎疫苗接种运动引发脑膜炎疫情，该运动发生在脑膜炎爆发之前，与脑膜炎爆发在同一地区。尼日利亚领导人还担心，脊髓灰质炎和其他外国疫苗被消毒和其他制剂故意污染，大约在同一时间发生在菲律宾和其他国家。在非洲大部分地区，曾经存在于国际机构、美国和欧洲制药公司的信任似乎所剩无几。今天，他们主要被视为具有明显反人类议程的帝国掠夺者，或者至少是反非白人议程。尼日利亚和其他仍允许接种疫苗的非洲国家现在坚持认为，这些疫苗是在一个值得信赖的非西方国家准备的，没有世界卫生组织或其他西方机构的参与。
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Many nations today insist the WHO is a tool to reduce Muslim populations, a claim that is increasingly difficult to dismiss as simple paranoia, and in fact Nigeria also discovered sterilants in WHO vaccines in that country that were clearly capable of preventing fertility in women. The Western media steadfastly ignore the body of evidence supporting these claims and suspicions, and focus instead on a moralistic concern that “the world might be slipping in its efforts to wipe out polio”, categorising the valid concerns of so many nations as ignorant and uninformed suspicion. The Western media of course are all reading from the same page as the perpetrators of this outrage, and the more damning reports have all seemingly been removed from the Internet.
如今，许多国家坚持认为世界卫生组织是减少穆斯林人口的工具，这一说法越来越难以被视为简单的妄想症。事实上，尼日利亚在该国世界卫生组织疫苗中也发现了明显能够预防妇女生育的消毒剂。西方媒体坚决忽视支持这些说法和怀疑的大量证据，转而关注“世界在消灭脊髓灰质炎的努力中可能正在倒退”的道德担忧，将许多国家的合理担忧归类为无知和无知的怀疑。当然，西方媒体和这场暴行的肇事者都在同一页上阅读，而更具谴责性的报道似乎都已从互联网上删除。
We also have the ever-present corporate apologists, weaving their tapestries of misinformation attempting to irreversibly confuse an issue with irrelevancies and so as to place doubts in the minds of the public. One perennial favorite is a claim that “these attacks on pharmaceutical companies could encourage countries to enact legislation that would lower drug profits, which in turn could hamper the development of new medications”. This foolish statement from Roger Bate, a “fellow” at the International Policy Network, which is a lobby group for big pharma, funded by the usual Foundations and corporations, and dutifully reported by London’s Daily Telegraph in its campaign to confuse the uninformed public. The statement is actually rather clever, suggesting that our condemnation of the atrocities and illegalities of big pharma are somehow unjustified violent “attacks” on undeserving corporations.
我们还有永远存在的企业辩护士，他们编织着错误信息的挂毯，试图不可逆转地将一个与无关的问题混淆在一起，从而在公众心中产生怀疑。一个永恒的热门话题是声称“对制药公司的这些攻击可能会鼓励各国制定降低药品利润的立法，这反过来可能会阻碍新药的开发”。国际政策网络“研究员”罗杰·贝特的这一愚蠢声明，这是一个由大型制药公司资助的游说团体，由通常的基金会和公司资助，并由伦敦《每日电讯报》在其混淆不明真相的公众的运动中尽职尽责地报道。该声明实际上相当聪明，暗示我们对大型制药公司的暴行和非法行为的谴责是某种程度上对不应受惩罚的公司的不公正的暴力“攻击”。
Hajara, photographed in 2007, survived the trials but became deaf afterwards and is unable to speak. Source
哈贾拉于2007年拍摄，她在审判中幸存下来，但后来失聪，无法说话。
In the case of Pfizer and its Nigerian Trovan trials, The Telegraph gives us an added incentive to sympathise with big pharma by telling us – without evidence or documentation – that “the Nigerian government’s motives (in condemning Pfizer) have also been questioned”, the issue being morphed from reprehensible drug trials resulting in death of children into one of an untrustworthy government with questionable political motives. Thus will the Western media will spin and weave until truth in all its forms disappears from the landscape forever.
在辉瑞及其尼日利亚特洛芬试验中，《每日电讯报》在没有证据或文件的情况下告诉我们“尼日利亚政府（谴责辉瑞）的动机也受到质疑”，这让我们更加同情大型制药公司，问题从应受谴责的导致儿童死亡的药物试验转变为一个不可信任的政府，其政治动机值得怀疑。因此，西方媒体将不断扭曲和编造，直到各种形式的真相永远从视野中消失。
