警察国家美利坚

第一章-警察国家的崛起 — CHAPTER 1-The Rise of the Police State

第二章联邦调查局 — Chapter 2 — The FBI

美国联邦调查局反情报程序 — CHAPTER 3 – COINTELPRO

第四章普遍公共监督 — Chapter 4 — Universal Public Surveillance

第五章其他监视 – Chapter 5 — Other Surveillance

第6章寻找无政府主义者，或者可能只是政治活动家 — Chapter 6 — Searching for Anarchists, or Maybe Just Political Activists

第七章赢得信息战 — Chapter 7 — Winning the Information War

第八章任意和不负责任的执法 — Chapter 8 — Arbitrary and Unaccountable Law Enforcement

第9章警察的军事化 — Chapter 9 — The Militarisation of the Police

第十章占领华尔街 — Chapter 10 — Occupy Wall Street

第11章恐吓媒体和颠覆媒体 — Chapter 11 — Intimidating the Media & Subverting the Press

第12章捷径：民主走向法西斯主义 — Chapter 12 — The Short Road: Democracy to Fascism

第13章下一次美国革命？预期的内乱 — Chapter 13 — The Next American Revolution? Anticipated Civil Unrest

第二章联邦调查局 -- Chapter 2 -- The FBI

作者：拉里 ·罗曼诺夫 —By Larry Romanoff

译者：珍珠

CHINESE ENGLISH

警察国家美国》第一卷免费电子书

Most people, including most Americans, are surprised to learn of the history of the FBI’s involvement in monitoring and disrupting peaceful, dissident activity in the United States. This agency has a long history dating back to the 1950s of mass surveillance, of targeting of people based on political ideology, of efforts to disrupt the movements for social justice, for efforts to shut down black liberation movement, the antiwar movement. Despite its fabricated image as America's highest-level police force, the FBI has always functioned primarily as America's political police force, with a responsibility to undermine and destroy any political developments that would challenge the existing order. The FBI has for the best part of a century operated as the secret police of the elite establishment against the people, similar to the political police forces in any repressive fascist state, and engaging in all manner of illegal acts which often included murder. It has developed to an art the techniques of performing "sting" and entrapment operations. Its agents have on countless occasions planned and initiated acts of terrorism and violence through the use of dissidents they had cultured and trained, often infiltrating opposing groups, inciting them to violence, and providing them with weapons and explosives. The Church Congressional Committee produced documentation of the White House use of the FBI or previous agencies for the purpose of political repression as far back as 1920, with these practices continuing into the present, and by the 1970s and 1980s there were countless revelations about the abuses of the FBI, the CIA, and other security agencies.

大多数人，包括大多数美国人，对联邦调查局参与监视和破坏美国和平、持不同政见者活动的历史感到惊讶。该机构有着悠久的历史，可以追溯到20世纪50年代的大规模监控，基于政治意识形态针对人们，努力破坏社会正义运动，努力关闭黑人解放运动，反战运动。尽管联邦调查局被塑造成美国最高级别的警察部队，但它一直主要作为美国的政治警察部队运作，有责任破坏和摧毁任何挑战现有秩序的政治发展。在一个世纪的大部分时间里，联邦调查局一直是精英阶层反对人民的秘密警察，类似于任何专制法西斯国家的政治警察部队，从事各种非法行为，其中经常包括谋杀。它已经将执行“诱捕”和诱捕行动的技术发展成为一门艺术。其特工在无数场合通过使用他们培养和训练的持不同政见者来策划和发起恐怖主义和暴力行为，经常渗透到反对派团体，煽动他们暴力，并向他们提供武器和爆炸物。早在1920年，教会国会委员会就制作了白宫利用联邦调查局或以前的机构进行政治镇压的文件，这些做法一直持续到现在，到20世纪70年代和80年代，有无数关于联邦调查局、中央情报局和其他安全机构滥用职权的揭露。

Clyde Tolson and J Edgar Hoover

克莱德·托尔森和J·埃德加·胡佛

J Edgar Hoover, head of the Federal Bureau of Investigaton, (right) and his associate, Clyde Tolson at the Joe Louis and Jack Sharkey fight at Yankee Stadium, New York on 18th August 1936. This image is from the files of the United States National Archives. (Photo by Popperfoto via Getty Images/Getty Images)

1936年8月18日，联邦调查局局长J·埃德加·胡佛（右）和他的助手克莱德·托尔森在纽约洋基体育场参加了乔·路易斯和杰克·沙基的比赛。这张照片来自美国国家档案馆的档案。（图片由Popperfoto通过盖蒂图片社/盖蒂图片社提供）

The FBI has always been willing to use false claimsand false charges to eliminate real or imagined political threats. The Director of the FBI, Edgar J. Hoover, once wrote that "The purpose of counterintelligence action is to disrupt(political enemies) and it is immaterial whether facts exist to substantiate the charge." One needn't have been dangerous or threatening to attract the attention of the FBI; it was often sufficient to be politically objectionable in some way. Many political dissidents in the US have been killed, with many more framed and convicted for crimes of which they were innocent, spending decades in prison. Countless numbers of political activists were simply neutralised through a long list of illegal tactics. The record of these activities is long and frightening; there has been little the FBI would not do to prevent American citizens from engaging in unapproved political activity.

联邦调查局一直愿意使用虚假声明和虚假指控来消除真实或想象中的政治威胁。美国联邦调查局局长埃德加·J·胡佛曾写道：“反情报行动的目的是扰乱（政敌），事实是否存在以证实指控并不重要。”；它往往足以在某种程度上引起政治上的反感。美国许多持不同政见者被杀害，更多的人被诬陷并被判有罪，他们是无辜的，在监狱里度过了几十年。无数政治活动家只是通过一长串非法手段被消灭了。这些活动的记录既长又可怕；联邦调查局几乎不会做任何事情来阻止美国公民参与未经批准的政治活动。

The FBI has a long history of having people imprisoned and even executed on flimsy or false evidence, many of whom have been proven innocent in later years. The Washington Post reported in 2013 that authorities had known for years that flawed forensic work by FBI examiners had led to convictions of innocent people, but FBI officials had never investigated the cases. This has been a repeated pattern for the agency. Multiple problems of false convictions have appeared several times in the past, usually when whistle-blowers revealed the problems to the media. Very recently, the Department of Justice began an unprecedented review of old criminal cases and found many in which FBI "experts" convicted innocent people by using exaggerated scientific testimony. In one case, a Supreme Court stayed the conviction of a man only hours before he was to die by lethal injection. He had been convicted on FBI testimony of a double homicide, but evidence of his innocence that had been hidden by the FBI surfaced at the last moment.

联邦调查局长期以来一直以站不住脚或虚假的证据监禁甚至处决人们，其中许多人在后来的几年里被证明是无辜的。《华盛顿邮报》在2013年报道称，多年来，当局一直知道联邦调查局检查员有缺陷的法医工作导致无辜者被定罪，但联邦调查局官员从未调查过这些案件。这是该机构反复出现的模式。过去曾多次出现错误定罪的问题，通常是在举报人向媒体透露问题时。最近，司法部开始对旧刑事案件进行前所未有的审查，发现许多联邦调查局“专家”通过使用夸大的科学证词判定无辜者有罪。在一个案件中，最高法院在一名男子被注射死刑的几个小时前搁置了对他的定罪。他在联邦调查局的证词中被判犯有双重谋杀罪，但联邦调查局隐瞒的无罪证据在最后一刻浮出水面。

Federal prosecutors in DC have in recent years increasingly acknowledged that "errors by an elite FBI forensic unit" led to wrongful convictions, many of those wrongfully convicted having spent 25 or more years in prison before being cleared. One of the difficulties in re-opening these cases is that too often the original evidence somehow 'disappeared' when challenged, requiring other forms of modern testing necessary to prove innocence. There are now thousands of these questionable convictions being re-examined, almost all of them originating from the early 1980s and onward, false FBI convictions being yet another part of the Great Transformation. More than that, for decades the justice system refused to release information as to which convictions relied on the potentially-tainted evidence of this 'elite FBI forensic unit'.

华盛顿特区的联邦检察官近年来越来越多地承认，“联邦调查局精英法医部门的错误”导致了错误定罪，其中许多被错误定罪的人在被清除之前已经在监狱里度过了25年或更长时间。重新审理这些案件的困难之一是，原始证据在受到质疑时往往会以某种方式消失，需要其他形式的现代测试来证明无罪。现在有成千上万的这些有问题的定罪正在重新审查，几乎所有这些定罪都源于20世纪80年代初及以后，联邦调查局的错误定罪是大转型的另一部分。更重要的是，几十年来，司法系统拒绝公布哪些定罪依赖于这个精英联邦调查局法医部门的潜在污点证据的信息。

This saga of tainted FBI prosecutions is resembling the auto recalls by General Motors - increasing by the week, with no end in sight. In 2014 it was revealed that nearly every FBI criminal case examined by the Justice Department included flawed or fraudulent forensic testimony. It was so bad that the massive examination of past cases that was mandated by the Justice Department was put on hold by the FBI because it was simply incapable of facing the vast extent of past manipulation and illegality. It required a year of increasing pressure by the Justice Department to re-commence the investigations, which revealed that almost every single FBI case reviewed, covering the past at least 20 years, was hopelessly tainted. And contrary to FBI claims of a 'rogue examiner', this has proven to be a systemic weakness infecting the entire justice system in America.

联邦调查局的这起丑闻起诉类似于通用汽车的汽车召回事件，每周都在增加，而且看不到尽头。2014年，据透露，司法部审查的几乎所有联邦调查局刑事案件都包括有缺陷或欺诈的法医证词。这太糟糕了，司法部授权的对过去案件的大规模审查被联邦调查局搁置，因为它根本无法面对过去的巨大操纵和非法行为。司法部需要一年的压力才能重新开始调查，调查显示，在过去至少20年里，几乎每一起被审查的联邦调查局案件都受到了无可救药的污染。与联邦调查局声称的流氓审查员相反，这已被证明是一个影响美国整个司法系统的系统性弱点。

In May of 2014, Clyde Haberman wrote an article in the NYT detailing how the FBI's vaunted crime lab had convicted countless thousands of innocent people on supposed 'scientific' evidence that has now been proven false. A 2009 Report by the National Academy of Sciences found "serious problems" with methods routinely relied on by prosecutors and the police that included fingerprinting, blood typing, weapons identification, shoe print comparisons, handwriting, bite marks and hair testing. DNA has now been added to the list. One non-profit group specialising in freeing those wrongly convicted has succeeded in hundreds of false DNA matches alone. As far back as 1997, the FBI's own inspector general reported that the bureau’s crime lab was often sloppy. "Technicians were found to have exaggerated the reliability of their findings beyond the bounds of science, typically slanting their conclusions in the prosecution’s favor. A forensics expert who used to work in the federal lab, claimed there was "absolutely a disconnect between what I could say as a scientist and what the prosecutors, or the defense attorneys, wanted me to say". In 2012, the FBI reached an understanding where it agreed to "stay within the confines of known science", and is examining several thousand old cases to determine if faulty lab evidence played a role in guilty verdicts. It appears so far that innocence is proven in about half of all old cases subject to new DNA testing.

2014年5月，克莱德·哈伯曼（Clyde Haberman）在《纽约时报》上发表了一篇文章，详细介绍了FBI引以为豪的犯罪实验室如何根据所谓的科学证据定罪无数无辜的人，这些证据现已被证明是虚假的。美国国家科学院2009年的一份报告发现，检察官和警方通常采用的方法存在“严重问题”，包括指纹识别、血型鉴定、武器识别、鞋印比较、笔迹、咬痕和毛发检测。DNA已被添加到列表中。一个专门致力于释放被错误定罪者的非营利组织仅在数百次虚假DNA匹配中就取得了成功。早在1997年，联邦调查局自己的监察长就报告说，该局的犯罪实验室往往很草率。“技术人员被发现夸大了他们的发现的可靠性，超出了科学的范围，通常会使他们的结论偏向检方。一位曾在联邦实验室工作的法医专家声称，“我作为一名科学家所能说的与检察官或辩护律师希望我说的完全脱节”。2012年，联邦调查局达成了一项谅解，同意“保持在已知科学的范围内”，并正在审查数千起旧案件，以确定错误的实验室证据是否在有罪判决中发挥了作用。到目前为止，似乎在所有接受新DNA测试的旧案件中，大约有一半被证明是无辜的。

Newly-released documents show that the FBI has consistently targeted all political activist groups for surveillance, typically categorising them as criminal, subversive or terrorist. Groups devoted to such diverse activities as animal rights, promoting bicycle lanes, or complaining of increases in electricity rates, have been infiltrated, spied upon, labeled as subversive anarchists, and often threatened, intimidated and arrested. One group protesting the Iraq war was designated as an anarchist white supremacist group and therefore dangerous to the nation. Many individuals have been included in a nationwide US terrorist database, for just such activities. The list of tactics and dirty tricks engaged in by the FBI over many decades, is astonishing to non-Americans and could never exist in a civilised nation. Americans are misled into believing that because one of them can make disparaging political comments without apparent state censure, this applies to the entire nation. But if that one person's views surface in the public realm and begin to gain traction, the full brutal power of the state will quickly descend. Ask Martin Luther King.

最新公布的文件显示，联邦调查局一直将所有政治活动团体作为监视目标，通常将其归类为犯罪、颠覆或恐怖组织。致力于动物权利、推广自行车道或抱怨电价上涨等各种活动的团体已被渗透、监视、贴上颠覆性无政府主义者的标签，并经常受到威胁、恐吓和逮捕。一个抗议伊拉克战争的团体被指定为无政府主义白人至上主义团体，因此对国家构成危险。许多人因从事此类活动而被列入美国全国恐怖分子数据库。联邦调查局几十年来所采用的战术和肮脏伎俩清单令非美国人感到震惊，在一个文明国家是不可能存在的。美国人被误导，认为因为他们中的一个人可以在没有明显国家谴责的情况下发表贬低性的政治言论，这适用于整个国家。但如果这一个人在公共领域浮出水面并开始获得支持，国家的全部残暴权力将迅速下降。请问马丁·路德·金。

When the FBI took a dislike to a person, they would do any or all of the following: they would spread derogatory information and circulate vicious false rumors to the victim's family, friends and business associates, often by planting false information in the media. They would send anonymous letters containing death threats or accusations of marital infidelity; they would bully and frighten employers into firing their victims, or coerce landlords into evicting victims from their homes or places of business. The FBI specialised in having the IRS perform spurious tax audits and prosecuting fictitious violations. They would often interrogate a victim and his associates, making their interest publicly known, so as to intimidate the victim and destroy his reputation. They would intimidate groups into cancelling speaking invitations by political activists and would often arrest and prosecute these people on fabricated charges. The FBI performed vast numbers of illegal wiretaps and surveillance activities on victims and their associates, often threatening them, and more than occasionally would physically assault activists, sometimes causing serious injuries. And they were well-known for breaking into their victims' homes and offices and vandalising the premises. All of these were commonly done to intimidate dissidents or truth-tellers into silence, and to destroy them if they could not be silenced. In addition to their own actions, FBI agents would often make use of impressionable people who could be used as dupes to further the agency's work. They would incite these people to forcefully disrupt meetings, infiltrate peaceful demonstrations and turn them violent, attack local police, and often perform bombings and other acts of violence.

当联邦调查局不喜欢一个人时，他们会做以下任何或所有事情：他们会向受害者的家人、朋友和商业伙伴传播贬损信息，并散布恶毒的虚假谣言，通常是通过在媒体上植入虚假信息。他们会发送匿名信件，其中包含死亡威胁或婚姻不忠的指控；他们会欺负和恐吓雇主解雇受害者，或强迫房东将受害者赶出家门或营业场所。联邦调查局专门让美国国税局进行虚假的税务审计，并起诉虚构的违规行为。他们经常审问受害者及其同伙，公开他们的利益，以恐吓受害者并破坏其声誉。他们会恐吓团体取消政治活动家的演讲邀请，并经常以捏造的指控逮捕和起诉这些人。联邦调查局对受害者及其同伙进行了大量的非法窃听和监视活动，经常威胁他们，偶尔还会对活动人士进行身体攻击，有时会造成严重伤害。他们以闯入受害者的家和办公室并破坏房屋而闻名。所有这些通常都是为了恐吓持不同政见者或真相讲述者保持沉默。如果他们不能沉默，就摧毁他们。除了他们自己的行动外，联邦调查局特工还经常利用易受影响的人来推动该机构的工作。他们会煽动这些人强行扰乱会议，渗透和平示威活动并使其变得暴力，袭击当地警察，并经常实施爆炸和其他暴力行为。

Martin Luther King friend and photographer was FBI informant. Ernest Withers, who was trusted by civil rights leader to sit in on strategy meetings spied on black activists and white radicals. Source

马丁·路德·金的朋友和摄影师是联邦调查局的线人。欧内斯特·威瑟斯（Ernest Withers）受到民权领袖的信任，可以旁听战略会议，监视黑人活动家和白人激进分子。Source

Since the early days of Edgar J. Hoover, theFBI has been notorious for compiling lists of names and histories to accompanythose names, all having proven useful for various acts of intimidation, blackmail and extortion. Today,the FBI receives much local competition from the NSA, especially in the areas of extortion and blackmail of public figures and politicians, but still seems to have the lower-level terrorists all to itself. One of its more despicable activities is entrapping or setting up individuals to commit crimes - in circumstances where they would never have done so on their own - only so it can arrest them for doing so. But much worse, it appears to have developed a habit of doing domestically within the US what the CIA and the NED do so proficiently outside the US - searching out radicals and extremists, inciting their passions, inflaming their emotions, funding them, providing them with arms and explosives and encouraging them to commit various acts of violence or terrorism, in service of the state. One judge stated that "Only the government could have made a ‘‘terrorist' out of" a person charged in her courtroom. There have been a great many of these sting operations conducted during the past 10 or 12 years, and no small number prior to that time.

自埃德加·J·胡佛（Edgar J.Hoover）早期以来，联邦调查局（FBI）因编制与这些名字相关的姓名和历史清单而臭名昭著，所有这些都被证明对各种恐吓、勒索和敲诈行为有用。如今，联邦调查局在当地受到了国家安全局的激烈竞争，特别是在勒索和敲诈公众人物和政客方面，但似乎仍有较低级别的恐怖分子独来独往。它的一项更卑鄙的活动是诱捕或陷害个人犯罪——在他们自己永远不会这样做的情况下——只有这样它才能逮捕他们。但更糟糕的是，它似乎已经养成了在美国国内做中情局和NED在美国境外熟练做的事情的习惯——搜寻激进分子和极端分子，煽动他们的激情，激起他们的情绪，资助他们，向他们提供武器和爆炸物，并鼓励他们为国家服务而犯下各种暴力或恐怖主义行为。一位法官表示，“只有政府才能把一个在法庭上被指控的人变成‘恐怖分子’。”。在过去的10年或12年里，已经进行了许多这样的诱捕行动，在此之前也有不少。

The situation has become so uncontrolled that when the FBI claims to have stopped 50 terrorist acts in recent years - as they did claim - it was proven that 49 of them were fabricated, and the 50th was trivial. It now seems that virtually every "terror" case in the US in recent years has had the FBI’s fingerprints all over it, including the Boston Marathon 'bombing'. "According to the Center on National Security at Fordham Law School, nearly every major post-9/11 terrorism-related prosecution has involved an FBI sting operation. The FBI typically uses informers or dupe agents to establish relations with these people and act as messengers to carry out the FBI sting. The informers are often criminals or ex-criminals who participate because they are seeking leniency on criminal charges and hope to avoid prison or obtain a reduced sentence. They encourage and assist others to participate in plots that are largely scripted by the FBI and, under the FBI’s guiding hand, they provide the weapons, suggest the targets and even initiate the inflammatory political rhetoric that later elevates the charges to the level of terrorism." I won't reproduce a list here; a quick internet search for "FBI entrapment" will tell you most of what you need to know.

情况已经变得如此失控，以至于当联邦调查局声称近年来已经阻止了50起恐怖主义行为时——正如他们所声称的那样——事实证明其中49起是捏造的，而第50起是微不足道的。现在看来，近年来美国几乎每一起“恐怖”案件都有联邦调查局的指纹，包括波士顿马拉松爆炸案。“根据福特汉姆法学院国家安全中心的数据，几乎每一起与9/11后恐怖主义有关的重大检控都涉及联邦调查局诱捕行动。联邦调查局通常使用线人或欺骗特工与这些人建立关系，并作为信使进行联邦调查局圈套。线人通常是罪犯或前罪犯，他们参与是因为他们寻求对刑事指控的宽大处理，并希望避免入狱或获得减刑。他们鼓励和协助他人参与主要由联邦调查局策划的阴谋，并在联邦调查局指导下，他们提供武器，暗示目标，甚至发起煽动性的政治言论，后来将指控升级为恐怖主义。“我不会在这里列出清单；在互联网上快速搜索“联邦调查局诱捕”会告诉你你需要知道的大部分内容。

According to an article published in the New York Times on April 28, 2012, titled, "Terrorist Plots, Hatched by the FBI": "The United States has been narrowly saved from lethal terrorist plots in recent years - or so it has seemed. A would-be suicide bomber was intercepted on his way to the Capitol; a scheme to bomb synagogues and shoot Stinger missiles at military aircraft was developed by men in Newburgh, N.Y.; and a fanciful idea to fly explosive-laden model planes into the Pentagon and the Capitol was hatched in Massachusetts.

2012年4月28日，《纽约时报》发表了一篇题为“联邦调查局策划的恐怖主义阴谋”的文章：“近年来，美国从致命的恐怖主义阴谋中幸免于难，至少看起来是这样。一名自杀式炸弹袭击者在前往国会大厦的途中被拦截；纽约州纽堡市的男子制定了一项轰炸犹太教堂并向军用飞机发射毒刺导弹的计划；马萨诸塞州萌生了一个将装有爆炸物的模型飞机送入五角大楼和国会大厦的幻想。”。

But all these dramas were facilitated by the F.B.I., whose undercover agents and informers posed as terrorists offering a dummy missile, fake C-4 explosives, a disarmed suicide vest and rudimentary training. Suspects naïvely played their parts until they were arrested." And further, "The FBI has for many years mounted carefully orchestrated sting operations or 'entrapment', where even individuals with no apparent predisposition to commit a crime are induced to do so by US government agents. They seek out susceptible individuals and set traps for them, encouraging and inciting them to commit acts of violence, and then arresting these dupes on charges of terrorism when they attempt to carry out these acts. Often, they find people whose only 'crime' would appear to consist of comments made in a public chat room."

但所有这些戏剧性事件都是由联邦调查局促成的，该局的卧底特工和线人冒充恐怖分子，提供假导弹、假C-4炸药、解除武装的自杀式背心和基本训练。嫌疑人在被捕前天真地扮演了自己的角色。“此外，”多年来，联邦调查局精心策划了诱捕行动或诱捕，即使是没有明显犯罪倾向的人也会被美国政府特工诱使这样做。他们寻找易受影响的人，为他们设下陷阱，鼓励和煽动他们实施暴力行为，然后在他们试图实施这些行为时以恐怖主义指控逮捕这些骗子。他们经常发现，那些唯一的罪行似乎是在公共聊天室发表评论的人。"

Mr. Romanoff’s writing has been translated into 32 languages and his articles posted on more than 150 foreign-language news and politics websites in more than 30 countries, as well as more than 100 English language platforms. Larry Romanoff is a retired management consultant and businessman. He has held senior executive positions in international consulting firms, and owned an international import-export business. He has been a visiting professor at Shanghai’s Fudan University, presenting case studies in international affairs to senior EMBA classes. Mr. Romanoff lives in Shanghai and is currently writing a series of ten books generally related to China and the West. He is one of the contributing authors to Cynthia McKinney’s new anthology ‘When China Sneezes’. (Chapt. 2 — Dealing with Demons).

罗曼诺夫先生的作品已被翻译成32种语言，他的文章在30多个国家的150多个外语新闻和政治网站以及100多个英语平台上发布。拉里·罗曼诺夫是一名退休的管理顾问和商人。他曾在国际咨询公司担任高级管理职位，并拥有国际进出口业务。他曾是上海复旦大学的客座教授，为高级EMBA课程提供国际事务案例研究。罗曼诺夫先生现居上海，目前正在撰写十本与中国和西方有关的书。他是辛西娅·麦金尼的新文集《当中国打喷嚏》的撰稿人之一。(第2章——与恶魔打交道)。

His full archive can be seen at

他的全部文章库可以在以下找到

https://www.bluemoonofshanghai.com/ and https://www.moonofshanghai.com/

He can be contacted at:

他的联系方式是

2186604556@qq.com

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