CN — LARRY ROMANOFF: 美国联邦调查局反情报程序 — CHAPTER 3 –COINTELPRO

美国联邦调查局反情报程序 — CHAPTER 3 –COINTELPRO

作者：拉里 ·罗曼诺夫 —By Larry Romanoff

译者：珍珠

J. Edgar Hoover at Oval Office, White House, Washington, D.C., July 24, 1967. Yoichi R.
Okamoto / Wikimedia

1967年7月24日，J·埃德加·胡佛在华盛顿特区白宫椭圆形办公室。冈本洋一/维基媒体

This section should be of particular interest to all those who believe or promulgate the fiction of America as a bastion of freedom of speech and assembly, most especially the freedom to criticise and speak out against the policies of the US government. The FBI has been used as a rather brutal tool against dissenting domestic political groups for many decades, primarily to discredit all those revealing illegalities of government agencies, protesting for change or seeking independence for Puerto Rico or Hawaii or, particularly, those revealing truths of the government’s false flag operations. The program is still in full force today.

所有相信或宣扬美国是言论和集会自由堡垒的人，尤其是批评和反对美国政府政策的自由的人，都应该对这一部分特别感兴趣。几十年来，联邦调查局一直被用作对付国内持不同政见的政治团体的相当残酷的工具，主要是为了抹黑所有揭露政府机构非法行为、抗议变革或寻求波多黎各或夏威夷独立的人，尤其是那些揭露政府虚假旗帜行动真相的人。该计划至今仍全面实施。

COINTELPRO was a secret program operated by the FBI that was meant to undermine the popular upsurge of political dissension which began to sweep the US during the late 1960s and early 1970s, partly in response to the Vietnam war which most people were beginning to see as an inhuman travesty of immense proportion. The name stands for “Counterintelligence Program”, a plan hatched by the FBI to eliminate political opposition inside the US. Working in full cooperation with local police and prosecutors, the FBI created myriad schemes to “misdirect, discredit, disrupt and otherwise neutralize” the many individuals and groups that were politically active and demanding change in the government. The programs, following Bernays’ principles, were meant to distort the public’s view of dissident political groups, to isolate them as enemies of the state, and to use this misinformation to legitimize the brutal repression of political dissension within the US. “By operating covertly, the FBI and police were able to severely weaken domestic political opposition without shaking the conviction of most US people that they live in a democracy with free speech and the rule of law.”

COINTELPRO是联邦调查局运作的一个秘密计划，旨在破坏20世纪60年代末和70年代初开始席卷美国的政治纠纷的流行热潮，部分原因是对越南战争的回应，大多数人开始将越南战争视为一场大规模的非人道闹剧。这个名字代表“反情报计划”，这是联邦调查局为消除美国国内的政治反对派而制定的一项计划。联邦调查局与当地警方和检察官充分合作，制定了无数计划，以“误导、抹黑、扰乱和以其他方式压制”许多在政治上活跃并要求改变政府的个人和团体。这些项目遵循伯奈斯的原则，旨在扭曲公众对持不同政见的政治团体的看法，将他们孤立为国家的敌人，并利用这种错误信息使美国国内对政治分歧的残酷镇压合法化。“通过秘密行动，联合局和警方能够严重削弱国内政治反对派，而不会动摇大多数美国人的信念，即他们生活在一个言论自由和法治的民主国家。”

At first, they tried traditional methods of repression, using harassment and prosecution for political crimes, but when these methods failed the FBI secretly used fraud and violence to sabotage this political activity which was supposed to have been guaranteed by the US constitution. Its methods ranged far beyond surveillance and intimidation, and eventually came to imitate a domestic version of the same covert actions for which the CIA has become infamous. As measures to intimidate political dissidents, the agency arranged evictions from homes and offices, the loss of employment, frame-ups and false arrests, break-ins and vandalism, and physical attacks and violence. Many of these actions involved serious physical assaults and the killing of political dissidents. They became so extensive and vicious that as one writer claimed, they “amounted to terrorism on the part of the government”. I have included below details of some of these cases. During this long period of COINTELPRO activity, the FBI openly boasted of its success in having local militants repeatedly “arrested on every possible charge until they could no longer make bail”. Though most people were eventually released, many were convicted of serious charges on the basis of perjured testimony by FBI agents, with more false convictions coming to light even today. This intense legal and police harassment had several objectives.One was that the false arrests would remove the dissident leaders from their activity and from contact with supporters; another was to create huge legal expenses for individuals and groups that might eventually bankrupt anyone who dared to mount political protests in the US. They also spared no effort to paint these political dissidents and protestors as dangerous criminals.

起初，他们尝试了传统的镇压方法，使用骚扰和起诉政治犯罪，但当这些方法失败时，联邦调查局秘密使用欺诈和暴力来破坏这一本应受到美国宪法保障的政治活动。它的方法远远超出了监视和恐吓，最终模仿了美国中央情报局臭名昭著的国内版本的秘密行动。作为恐吓持不同政见者的措施，该机构安排了从家中和办公室驱逐、失业、陷害和虚假逮捕、闯入和故意破坏，以及人身攻击和暴力。其中许多行动涉及严重的人身攻击和杀害持不同政见者。它们变得如此广泛和恶毒，正如一位作家所声称的那样，它们“相当于政府方面的恐怖主义”。我在下面列出了其中一些案例的详细信息。在这段漫长的反腐败活动期间，联邦调查局公开吹嘘其成功地让当地武装分子一再“因各种可能的指控被捕，直到他们无法再保释”。尽管大多数人最终被释放，但许多人因联邦调查局特工的伪证而被判犯有严重指控，即使在今天，也有更多的错误定罪被曝光。这种激烈的法律和警察骚扰有几个目的。其中之一是，虚假逮捕将使持不同政见的领导人失去活动和与支持者的联系；另一种是为个人和团体创造巨大的法律费用，最终可能会使任何敢于在美国发动政治抗议的人破产。他们还不遗余力地将这些持不同政见者和抗议者描绘成危险的罪犯。

In stark contrast to jingoistic American claims of the independence of the judiciary, the FBI and the US Department of Justice also used these processes to turn US courts into FBI-controlled instruments of political repression. Forced appearances by thousands of individuals before grand juries on charges of being terrorists, were sufficient to dissuade dissidents from further political activity. And in contrast to the utopian American claims about a rule of law, many individuals were jailed during this period without criminal charges or trials, in the same kind of political internment that had been practiced in the most brutal dictatorships. This was neither the first nor the last time the US government would resort to such tactics to silence political dissension, with the US media almost invariably suppressing the information.

与沙文主义的美国司法独立主张形成鲜明对比的是，联邦调查局和美国司法部也利用这些程序将美国法院变成了联邦调查局控制的政治镇压工具。数千人因被指控为恐怖分子而被迫在大陪审团面前出庭，这足以劝阻持不同政见者进一步开展政治活动。与美国乌托邦式的法治主张相反，在此期间，许多人在没有刑事指控或审判的情况下被监禁，与最残酷的独裁政权所实行的政治拘留方式相同。这不是美国政府第一次也不是最后一次采取这种策略来平息政治分歧，美国媒体几乎总是压制这些信息。

The CIA was also heavily involved in this political repression, having infiltrated the Black, student and antiwar movements, and also using its power and contacts to make extensive use of university professors, journalists, labor leaders, publishing houses, cultural organizations and Foundations to mold US public opinion against any political dissension. In recent years there has been increased cooperation between the FBI, the military and the CIA, with political repression within the US now much more sophisticated. Special elite units within the FBI, the CIA, the NSA and the US military are now trained and equipped for what is called “counter-insurgency” or “low-intensity warfare“. These manuals still teach the essential methodology of COINTELPRO, and focus on early intervention to neutralize political opposition before it can take hold. These clandestine operations to discredit and disrupt any sign of political dissension in the US are now institutionalised.

中央情报局也深度参与了这场政治镇压，渗透到黑人、学生和反战运动中，并利用其权力和人脉广泛利用大学教授、记者、劳工领袖、出版社、文化组织和基金会来塑造美国公众舆论，反对任何政治纠纷。近年来，联邦调查局、军方和中央情报局之间的合作有所增加，美国国内的政治镇压现在更加复杂。联邦调查局、中央情报局、国家安全局和美国军方的特种精英部队现在接受了所谓的“反叛乱”或“低强度战争”的训练和装备。这些手册仍然教授COINTELPRO的基本方法，并侧重于早期干预，在政治反对派站稳脚跟之前消除其影响。这些旨在抹黑和破坏美国任何政治分歧迹象的秘密行动现在已经制度化。

America, as “the land of the free” is a complete myth, an imaginary fairy-tale existing only in the minds of the gullible and uninformed which definition sadly includes a great many Americans.

美国，作为“自由之地”，是一个完全的神话，一个只存在于轻信和无知者头脑中的虚构童话，可悲的是，这个定义包括了许多美国人。

The FBI also acts to protect the US military and the CIA from public exposure. Over the years, when the US was involved in its brutal and repressive activities in other nations, especially the massive deaths and savage political repressions in South and Central America, it was the FBI who acted to intimidate and threaten political dissidents in the US. When American citizens wanted to travel to Nicaragua or El Salvador to see for themselves the human catastrophes the US had unleashed in those countries, the FBI immediately categorised those citizens with a “terrorist” label, claiming they were traitors to America. They had their trips disrupted, airline and hotel reservations cancelled, their passports and private papers confiscated, their homes and offices burglarised and ransacked, and they were constantly harassed by FBI agents demanding political information. These police actions created such an envelope of fear that it became virtually impossible for American citizens to sustain any kind of political movement or to challenge US government policy.

联邦调查局还采取行动保护美国军方和中央情报局免受公众曝光。多年来，当美国在其他国家参与其残酷和镇压活动，特别是在南美洲和中美洲的大规模死亡和野蛮的政治镇压时，是联邦调查局采取行动恐吓和威胁美国的持不同政见者。当美国公民想前往尼加拉瓜或萨尔瓦多亲眼目睹美国在这些国家造成的人类灾难时，联邦调查局立即将这些公民归类为“恐怖分子”，声称他们是美国的叛徒。他们的旅行被打乱，航空公司和酒店预订被取消，护照和私人文件被没收，房屋和办公室被盗窃和洗劫，他们不断受到要求提供政治信息的联邦调查局特工的骚扰。这些警察行动制造了一种恐惧，以至于美国公民几乎不可能维持任何形式的政治运动或挑战美国政府的政策。

COINTELPRO was discovered in 1971, when political dissidents broke into an FBI office, stole all their secret files on this activity, and released them to the news media. Until this point, nobody would have believed the US government and its agencies capable of such brutal and illegal political repression. Further information obtained by lawsuits and the public confessions of former agents, eventually created an enormous scandal that threatened the very legitimacy of the American government. In response, the US Congress compelled the FBI (and only the FBI) to reveal part of what it had done, and to promise it would not engage in such activities again. But in the end, nothing changed, and the FBI today is far more criminal than in those earlier years.

1971年，持不同政见者闯入联邦调查局办公室，窃取了他们关于这一活动的所有秘密文件，并将其发布给新闻媒体。在此之前，没有人会相信美国政府及其机构有能力进行如此残酷和非法的政治镇压。通过诉讼和前特工的公开供词获得的进一步信息最终引发了一场巨大的丑闻，威胁到了美国政府的合法性。作为回应，美国国会迫使联邦调查局（只有联邦调查局）披露其部分行为，并承诺不再从事此类活动。但最终，一切都没有改变，今天的联邦调查局比前几年犯罪率要高得多。

Even the US Congress had admitted that the FBI has recently created many fake “terrorist” events in its fabricated
sting operations. Operations like COINTELPRO, CHAOS, and OPERATION GARDEN PLOT, or the HOUSTON PLAN were all evidence of a virulent fascism arising in America, all involving the highest levels of military and civilian intelligence and all levels of police agencies in a full-scale attempt to discredit, disrupt and destroy all political dissension and activist movements that sprang up from the 1960s to today. These plans led directly to the assassinations of Martin Luther King and Malcolm X, as unacceptable“Black Messiahs”, who might constitute a threat to the ruling elite and the control they exercise through their so-called democratic parties.

就连美国国会也承认，联邦调查局最近在其捏造的诱捕行动中制造了许多虚假的“恐怖主义”事件。“反阴谋”、“混沌”和“花园阴谋”或“休斯顿计划”等行动都是美国出现恶毒法西斯主义的证据，所有这些行动都涉及最高级别的军事和民事情报以及各级警察机构，旨在全面抹黑、扰乱和摧毁20世纪60年代至今兴起的所有政治分歧和活动家运动。这些计划直接导致马丁·路德·金和马尔科姆·X被暗杀，他们被视为不可接受的“黑人弥赛亚”，可能对统治精英及其通过所谓的民主党行使的控制构成威胁。

When a San Diego newspaper published articles exposing the President’s friends, it was immediately attacked. Bullets were fired into the office, paint splashed over furniture, equipment smashed, records and subscription lists stolen, staff cars firebombed, vending machines vandalized. When the newspaper attempted to relocate to new offices, their prospective landlord was arrested by the police on a fabricated murder charge. Released after an hour of “interrogation”, he told the newspaper they would have to find new offices somewhere else.

当圣地亚哥的一家报纸发表文章揭露总统的朋友时，它立即遭到了攻击。子弹射入办公室，油漆溅到家具上，设备被砸碎，记录和订阅清单被盗，员工汽车遭到燃烧弹袭击，自动售货机遭到破坏。当该报试图搬迁到新办公室时，他们未来的房东因捏造的谋杀指控被警方逮捕。经过一个小时的“审讯”后获释，他告诉该报，他们必须在其他地方找到新办公室。

Many independent newspapers had their premises or printing presses bombed, some many times, by the FBI for failure to heed warnings about political content. The FBI would publish fabricated stories of sexual or financial misdeeds in “friendly” newspapers. They would give private warnings to radio stations that their broadcast licenses would be revoked if they aired “dissident” content. The objective of these COINTELPRO activities was to block the penetration of political dissension into any channel of American life where public opinion might be molded, to prevent opposing political ideas from attaining any influence over the people. Very simply, any media outlet that was politically objectionable to the secret government was a victim of this kind of brutal political repression by the FBI. The process exists today in more clever, more sophisticated, and more brutal form.

许多独立报纸的经营场所或印刷厂因未注意到有关政治内容的警告而多次遭到联邦调查局的轰炸。联邦调查局将在“友好”的报纸上发表捏造的性或财务不端行为。他们会私下警告广播电台，如果他们播放“持不同政见者”的内容，他们的广播许可证将被吊销。这些反腐败活动的目的是阻止政治分歧渗透到美国生活中任何可能塑造公众舆论的渠道，防止对立的政治思想对人民产生任何影响。很简单，任何在政治上反对秘密政府的媒体都是联邦调查局这种残酷政治镇压的受害者。这一过程今天以更聪明、更复杂、更残酷的形式存在。

Noam Chomsky wrote of COINTELPRO many years ago in a 2002 book titled Understanding Power, when he stated the following:

诺姆·乔姆斯基在2002年的一本名为《理解力量》的书中写道：

“At the exact same time that Watergate was discovered, there were exposures in the courts and through the Freedom of Information Act of massive FBI operations to undermine political freedom in the United States, running back to Roosevelt but really picking up under Kennedy. It was called ‘COINTRELPRO’ and it included a vast range of things … the straight Gestapo-style assassination of a Black Panther leader … organizing race riots in an effort to destroy black movements … attacks on the American Indian Movement, the women’s movement, you name it … fifteen years of FBI disruption of the Socialist Workers Party – that meant regular FBI burglaries, stealing membership lists and using them to threaten people, going to businesses and getting people fired from their jobs and so on. That fact alone … is already vastly more important than … a bunch of Keystone Kops [breaking] into the Democratic National Committee headquarters one time. The Socialist Workers Party is a legal political party after all … And this wasn’t just a bunch of gangsters, this was the national political police; that’s very serious. In comparison to this, Watergate is a tea party.”

“就在水门事件被发现的同一时间，法院和《信息自由法》曝光了联邦调查局大规模破坏美国政治自由的行动，这些行动可以追溯到罗斯福，但在肯尼迪执政期间得到了真正的支持。它被称为COINTRELPRO，包括广泛的事情……盖世太保式的暗杀黑豹领导人……组织种族骚乱以摧毁黑人运动……袭击美国印第安人运动、妇女运动，你能想到的……联邦调查局对社会主义工人党进行了十五年的破坏——这意味着联邦调查局经常入室盗窃，窃取会员名单并利用它们来威胁人们，去企业，让人们被解雇等等。事实本身…已经比…一堆Keystone Kops[打破]重要得多一次进入民主党全国委员会总部。社会主义工人党毕竟是一个合法的政党……这不仅仅是一群歹徒，这是国家政治警察；这很严重。相比之下，水门事件是一场茶话会。“

Mr. Romanoff’s writing has been translated into 32 languages and his articles posted on more than 150 foreign-language news and politics websites in more than 30 countries, as well as more than 100 English language platforms. Larry Romanoff is a retired management consultant and businessman. He has held senior executive positions in international consulting firms, and owned an international import-export business. He has been a visiting professor at Shanghai’s Fudan University, presenting case studies in international affairs to senior EMBA classes. Mr. Romanoff lives in Shanghai and is currently writing a series of ten books generally related to China and the West. He is one of the contributing authors to Cynthia McKinney’s new anthology ‘When China Sneezes’. (Chapt. 2 — Dealing with Demons).

罗曼诺夫先生的作品已被翻译成32种语言，他的文章在30多个国家的150多个外语新闻和政治网站以及100多个英语平台上发布。拉里·罗曼诺夫是一名退休的管理顾问和商人。他曾在国际咨询公司担任高级管理职位，并拥有国际进出口业务。他曾是上海复旦大学的客座教授，为高级EMBA课程提供国际事务案例研究。罗曼诺夫先生现居上海，目前正在撰写十本与中国和西方有关的书。他是辛西娅·麦金尼的新文集《当中国打喷嚏》的撰稿人之一。(第2章——与恶魔打交道)。

His full archive can be seen at

他的全部文章库可以在以下找到

https://www.bluemoonofshanghai.com/ and https://www.moonofshanghai.com/

He can be contacted at:

他的联系方式是

2186604556@qq.com

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