上海的月亮: CN — LARRY ROMANOFF: 中国的电动汽车（电动汽车）

中国的电动汽车（电动汽车）– China’s Electric Vehicles (EVs)

By Larry Romanoff

翻译：珍珠

Roewe D7. Source

潍柴D7。来源

目录 — Table of Contents

介绍 — Introduction

中国汽车质量比较突出 — Chinese Auto Quality is Outstanding

中国的电动汽车产能过剩和想要主导世界的秘密愿望 — China’s EV Overcapacity and Secret Desire to Dominate the World

汽车和手机 — Automobiles and Mobile Phones

比亚迪电动汽车 — BYD Electric Cars

华为 — Huawei

小米 — Xiaomi

名爵-路虎 — MG – Rover

吉利-莲花汽车公司和质子汽车公司 — Geely – Lotus and Proton Cars

沃尔沃电动汽车 — Volvo Electric Cars

阿斯顿马丁 — Aston-Martin

苹果的造车计划遭遇蒙尘 — Apple Bites the Dust

特斯拉可能也即将退出市场 — Tesla May be on the Way Out, too

自动驾驶系统 — Autonomous Driving Systems

介绍 — Introduction

As recently as the early 1990s, China’s domestic auto industry had stale designs, not much modern technology, with reliability and durability only just acceptable. It was at this point that China’s government began a deep assessment of all domestic transportation, both public and private. The public transportation would be solved with high-speed trains and vast metro systems, but the private portion also required extensive evaluation.

就在20世纪90年代初，中国国内汽车工业的设计陈旧，现代技术很少，可靠性和耐用性只能被接受。正是在这一点上，中国政府开始对所有国内的公共和私人交通进行深入评估。公共交通将通过高速列车和巨大的地铁系统来解决，但私人部分也需要广泛的评估。

There were many problems. First, the existing state and condition of China’s domestic auto industry, entirely gasoline-fueled autos at the time, would require enormous attention and investment to become modern and satisfactory. But China’s leaders concluded that this development would be a race to nowhere. There seemed to be little room for a revolution in the design or manufacture of gasoline-powered autos, the private automobile more or less having reached the end of its evolutionary potential. Also, the Western countries had a head start of perhaps 100 years in designing and manufacturing gasoline-fueled automobiles. With an enormous investment in time, resources and money, and depending entirely on their own IP, China could eventually produce autos that might be “as good as” those in the West, but not likely superior in any significant respect, meaning that with its best efforts China would join the world of the average. It would have been possible to eventually match the quality of brands like Mercedes or BMW, but the cachet and respect of those brands would require many decades to equal. And the highest level of autos like Ferrari, Lamborghini and Rolls-Royce were in a class of their own and would likely never be matched, at least not in reputation. This would leave China in a position of making simple high-quality autos for the masses, but perhaps not much more.

有很多问题。首先，中国国内汽车工业的现状和状况，当时完全是汽油燃料的汽车，需要大量的关注和投资才能成为现代和令人满意的。但中国领导人得出结论认为，这一发展将是一场无出路的竞赛。汽油动力汽车的设计或制造似乎几乎没有什么革命的空间，私人汽车或多或少已经达到了其进化潜力的尽头。此外，西方国家在设计和制造汽油燃料汽车方面大约有100年的领先历史。巨大的投资时间，资源和资金，完全依赖于自己的IP，中国可能最终生产汽车可能“一样好”在西方，但不可能优越在任何重要方面，这意味着尽最大努力中国将加入世界的平均。最终有可能与梅赛德斯或宝马等品牌的质量相匹配，但这些品牌的声望和尊重需要几十年才能达到水平。像法拉利、兰博基尼和劳斯莱斯这样的最高水平的汽车都属于自己的阶级，可能永远无法与之匹敌，至少在声誉上不会。这将使中国处于为大众制造简单的高质量汽车的地位，但可能不会更多。

Another was the issue of fuel. China’s domestic oil production is insufficient for its own needs, and thus imports most of its oil and petroleum products, which leaves the nation open to nasty surprises by foreign governments and those who control most of the multi-national oil companies. And, since the West was correctly seen as untrustworthy, there was the constant possibility that unpleasant political developments would leave China open to supply disruptions, especially with the US harboring plans to blockade the ocean straits through which most oil was transported to China. In addition, there was the potential problem of political pressure being exerted on countries selling oil to China and, finally, the price of oil was certain to increase and was in any case determined largely by foreign caprice and whim. Hydrogen had been touted as a potential auto fuel, but that development was still far in the future. There was nothing in this area that was positive.

另一个问题是燃料的问题。中国国内的石油生产不足以满足自身的需求，因此进口了大部分石油和石油产品，这使国家面临外国政府和控制大多数跨国石油公司的人的严重意外。而且，由于西方被正确地视为不值得信赖的，令人不快的政治发展总是有可能让中国面临供应中断，尤其是美国计划封锁海峡，大部分石油是通过海峡运往中国的。此外，还有一个对向中国出售石油的国家施加政治压力的潜在问题，最后，石油价格肯定会上涨，而且无论如何，这在很大程度上是由外国的任性和一时兴起决定的。氢曾被吹捧为一种潜在的汽车燃料，但这一发展仍在遥远的未来。在这个领域没有任何积极的结果。

Further, China’s leaders were concerned that as the nation developed and hundreds of millions of Chinese would be driving automobiles, the only sensible hope for a privately-mobile China would rest in what we call “new energy” vehicles. We couldn’t have 1.5 billion Chinese driving gasoline-powered cars since the resultant pollution would eventually kill everyone.

此外，中国领导人担心，随着国家的发展，数亿中国人将驾驶汽车，私人移动中国唯一明智的希望是我们所谓的“新能源”汽车。我们不可能拥有15亿辆中国人驾驶的汽油动力汽车，因为由此产生的污染最终会杀死所有人。

Looking into the future, China’s leaders concluded that, for the above and other reasons, electric vehicles represented the future of private ground transportation. This was the decision that was made and, while it may have seemed a gamble at the time, all indications are that China read the signs correctly. The country made this conclusion 30 years ago, and began to invest major resources into R&D and to planning the supply chains that would be necessary to support what would become a true revolution in the private auto industry. China simply abandoned gasoline-powered autos and turned all its attention to the next evolutionary step which was electric automobiles, and one where no nation had yet achieved any significant measure of development.

展望未来，中国领导人得出结论，由于上述原因等原因，电动汽车代表了私人地面交通的未来。这是中国所做出的决定，尽管在当时这似乎是一场赌博，但所有迹象都表明，中国已经正确地解读了这些迹象。中国在30年前就得出了这一结论，并开始将大量资源投入其中，用于研发和规划供应链，这将是为了支持私人汽车工业的一场真正的革命。中国干脆放弃了汽油动力汽车，将所有注意力转向下一个进化的步骤，即电动汽车，目前还没有一个国家取得任何重要的发展措施。

Another factor in this equation is that there existed an enormous resistance among the Western auto manufacturers to turning from gasoline to electricity. The publics in all nations were wildly in favor of electric automobiles, but the entrenched interests in the oil industry and auto manufacturing were unmoved by public interest or social and environmental benefits. The move to electric automobiles represented an existential threat to both auto manufacturing and petroleum industries, and these Western corporations vigorously, and to an altogether criminal extent, did everything possible to prevent the transition of private transportation from gasoline to electricity. They thus left themselves vulnerable to being entirely sidelined in the future – a situation which certainly came to pass – with the West now so far behind that they have little hope of ever obtaining a leading position in auto manufacture.

这个等式中的另一个因素是，西方汽车制造商在从汽油转向电力方面存在着巨大的阻力。所有国家的公众都非常支持电动汽车，但在石油工业和汽车制造中根深蒂固的利益并不受公共利益或社会和环境利益的影响。向电动汽车的转变对汽车制造和石油工业都构成了存在性的威胁，这些西方公司积极地，并在完全犯罪的程度上，尽一切可能阻止私人运输从汽油到电力的转变。因此，他们让自己在未来很容易被完全边缘化——这种情况肯定会发生——西方现在远远落后，他们几乎没有希望在汽车制造方面获得领先地位。

The result was predictable: China today is at the forefront of the global electric vehicle industry. Chinese manufacturers produce about 65% of the world’s EVs and more than 75% of EV batteries. China is the world’s largest market for electric vehicles (EVs), with millions of units sold annually, and more than half of all the electric vehicles worldwide are on China’s roads. None of China’s EV success was an accident; it was the result of decisions made 30 years ago, decisions that were acted upon and provided with all the resources necessary to bring the plans to fruition.

其结果是可以预测的：中国今天处于全球电动汽车行业的前沿。中国制造商生产了全球约65%的电动汽车和超过75%的电动汽车电池。中国是世界上最大的电动汽车（ev）市场，年销量达数百万辆，全球超过一半的电动汽车在中国行驶。中国电动汽车的成功都不是意外；这是30年前做出的决定的结果，这些决定被行动，并提供了所有必要的资源来实现计划的实现。

As an aside, it is essentially the same with China’s high-speed trains (HSR); today the media carry numerous articles lauding China’s 50,000 kilometers of high-speed rail, having suddenly awakened to the fact that China has more HSR track and trains than the rest of the world combined. And further that China’s trains are the fastest, the highest-quality and by far the most stable and quiet – and the least expensive, of all trains in the world. This also did not happen overnight. As with China’s EVs, it was the result of decisions taken 30 years ago and supported by an enormous investment in R&D and planning.

其结果是可以预测的：中国今天处于全球电动汽车行业的前沿。中国制造商生产了全球约65%的电动汽车和超过75%的电动汽车电池。中国是世界上最大的电动汽车（ev）市场，年销量达数百万辆，全球超过一半的电动汽车在中国行驶。中国电动汽车的成功都不是意外；这是30年前做出的决定的结果，这些决定被行动，并提供了所有必要的资源来实现计划的实现。

中国汽车质量比较突出 — Chinese Auto Quality is Outstanding

Chinese EVs are recognized worldwide as outstanding in terms of both design and quality, and Chinese prices are unmatched. It is almost legendary that visitors to every auto show express astonishment and appreciation at the high quality of Chinese EVs.

中国的电动汽车在设计和质量方面都是世界公认的优秀汽车，中国的价格也是无与伦比的。每一场车展的游客都对中国电动汽车的高质量表示惊讶和赞赏。

As one quality measure, in a recent 8-year period, China had 170 auto recalls by joint venture manufacturers and foreign brands, with Mercedes, Toyota, Honda and Nissan doing most of the recalls. Of about 9 million recalled cars, about 7 million were Japanese; one million American and one million European. By contrast, China’s domestic brands – of which there are many – had only 7 recalls in those years, involving only about 200,000 autos.

作为一项质量衡量标准，在最近8年的时间里，中国的合资制造商和外国品牌召回了170辆汽车，其中包括奔驰、丰田、本田和日产。在大约900万辆被召回的汽车中，大约700万辆是日本人；100万美国人和100万欧洲人。相比之下，中国的国内品牌有很多，当年只有7次召回，只涉及约20万辆汽车。

By another measure, in one year about 19 million autos were sold in China, with 80 recalls involving 2 million vehicles. In the same year 13 million autos were sold in the US, with more than 600 recalls involving 15 million vehicles – almost all being American brands. China has far fewer recalls compared to the US car market, though in some part this is true because foreign automakers are masters at ‘misreading’ China’s laws and regulations, using those misunderstandings to evade consumers’ claims. Japanese automakers Toyota, Honda and Nissan often exclude the Chinese market when recalling faulty models in other countries, and the Americans are known to do the same. [1] The truth is that China’s auto manufacturers, most especially with EVs, have noticeably surpassed both the international mass market brands and also the “premium” brands. [2]

牌。与美国汽车市场相比，中国的召回事件要少得多，但在某种程度上是如此，因为外国汽车制造商精通“误读”了中国的法律法规，利用这些误解来逃避消费者的索赔。日本汽车制造商丰田、本田和日产在其他国家召回有缺陷的车型时，经常排除中国市场，而美国人也会这样做。[1] 的事实是，中国的汽车制造商，尤其是电动汽车制造商，已经明显超过了国际大众市场品牌和“高端”品牌。[2]

中国的电动汽车产能过剩和想要主导世界的秘密愿望 — China’s EV Overcapacity and Desire to Dominate the World

首先，坏消息 — First, the Bad News

The Western media have been lambasting China’s EV makers for their “overcapacity”, for flooding the world with inexpensive EVs and “disrupting international trade”.

西方媒体一直在猛烈抨击中国电动汽车制造商的“产能过剩”，指责世界上充斥着廉价的电动汽车和“扰乱国际贸易”。

Edited quotes from Manufacturing Today: “China has rapidly evolved to a global leader in electric vehicles (EVs). This shift is causing alarm in Europe and the US due to China’s significant ‘industrial overcapacity’, the “repercussions of an oversupply” that “disrupts global markets” at the expense of local industries. This overcapacity is driven by substantial government subsidies and incentives, with supply far outpacing domestic demand. China controls 60% of global EV production and over 70% of lithium battery production. Since domestic consumption is unable to absorb this, the surplus is exported at highly competitive prices, which undercuts local manufacturers in the EU and the US. These cheap exports have sparked growing concerns in the West, where local manufacturers are struggling to compete. China’s state subsidies have distorted global competition in the EV sector. An EV in China can cost half as much as one sold in Europe, largely due to government backing.” [3]

《今日制造业》引用：“中国已经迅速发展为电动汽车（ev）的全球领导者。这一转变在欧洲和美国引起了恐慌，因为中国严重的“工业产能过剩”，即“供应过剩的影响”，以牺牲当地工业为代价，“扰乱了全球市场”。这种产能过剩是由大量的政府补贴和激励措施驱动的，供应速度远远超过了国内需求。中国控制着全球60%的电动汽车产量和70%以上的锂电池产量。由于国内消费无法吸收这一点，剩余部分以极具竞争力的价格出口，这削弱了欧盟和美国的本地制造商。这些廉价的出口产品在西方引发了日益增长的担忧，当地的制造商正在努力竞争。中国的国家补贴扭曲了电动汽车行业的全球竞争。在中国，电动汽车的价格只有在欧洲销售的一半，这主要是由于政府的支持。”[3]

But it’s even much worse than this. Carnewschina.com tells us that Chinese EV factories run on only a 5.1% capacity. Holy smokes. You know that has to be bad. Not only that, but they tell us that “By 2025, China’s EV market will reach 5.3 million cars while the production capacity will be 36.61 million vehicles.” Thus, “China’s EV production capacity is currently in colossal waste”. [4] Wow. I guess it must be.

但情况甚至比这更糟。Carnewschina.com告诉我们，中国的电动汽车工厂的产能只有5.1%。神圣的烟。你知道那一定是不好的。不仅如此，他们还告诉我们，“到2025年，中国电动汽车市场将达到530万辆，产能将达到3661万辆。”因此，“中国电动汽车产能目前处于巨大浪费状态”。[4] Wow.我想一定是这样的。

汽车和手机 — And Then the Facts

But what is “over-capacity”? It is the ability to produce more than you can sell. If you have a factory that can produce one million items a year but you can sell only 300,000, you have over-capacity. But if you can sell the entire million, your capacity is exactly where it should be. In 2024, China produced 31.3 million vehicles and sold 31.4 million. That’s almost perfect.

但是什么是“产能过剩”呢？它是一种生产的能力，远远超过了你所能销售的能力。如果你的工厂每年能生产100万件，但只能卖出30万件，那你就产能过剩了。但如果你能卖出整百万美元，你的容量正是它应该达到的水平。2024年，中国生产了3130万辆汽车，销量为3140万辆。这几乎是完美的。

But there’s more. Volkswagen exports millions of vehicles. Does that mean they have “over-capacity”? Not at all. They are simply doing what every manufacturer does: sell as many as you can, wherever you can. The Ivory Coast exports all of its cocoa each year. Does it have “over-capacity”? Of course not. The world would like to have more cocoa than it has now. So, what is happening here? The powers behind the Western media are trying to tell us that if China exports anything, that represents over-capacity, in fact making exports immoral and unfair. But this isn’t about immoral and unfair, and it isn’t about right and wrong; it’s about “us” vs “them”. If we do it, it’s praiseworthy, but if they do it, it’s evil. And that’s the whole story.

但还有更多。大众汽车出口了数百万辆汽车。这是否意味着他们的“产能过剩”？一点也不…他们只是在做每个制造商都在做的事情：只要你能，尽可能多地销售。象牙海岸每年都会出口其所有的可可粉。它有“产能过剩”的问题吗？当然不是。整个世界都希望拥有比现在更多的可可。那么，这里发生了什么呢？西方媒体背后的大国试图告诉我们，如果中国出口任何东西，那就代表产能过剩，实际上使出口变得不道德和不公平。但这不是关于不道德和不公平，也不是对与错；这是关于“我们”和“他们”。如果我们这样做，那是值得称赞的，但如果他们这样做，那就是邪恶的。这就是全部的故事情节。

It is the same with “dominating the world“. Volkswagen, BMW and Mercedes export millions of autos. Are they trying to dominate the world? There’s no sign of it. France exports millions of bottles of wine every year. Are the French farmers trying to dominate the world? I don’t think so. China exports millions of Kgs. of tea. Are China’s tea growers trying to dominate the world? If so, they’re keeping it a secret. But if BYD exports millions of EVs, they are doing it to dominate the world. Again, what is happening here? It is still “us” vs “them”. If I export and you can’t compete, and I push you into bankruptcy, that’s just business, but if you export and I can’t compete, you are “harming my interests” and are evil and should be sanctioned, punished, and discredited. Again, that’s the whole story.

“统治世界”也是如此。大众汽车、宝马汽车和奔驰汽车出口了数百万辆汽车。他们是想统治世界吗？没有任何迹象。法国每年出口数百万瓶葡萄酒。法国农民是在试图统治世界吗？我不这么认为。中国出口了数百万公斤。的茶的数量。中国的茶园试图统治世界吗？如果是这样，他们就要保密了。但如果BYD出口了数百万辆电动汽车，他们这样做是为了主宰世界。再说一次，这里发生了什么？它仍然是“我们”vs“他们”。如果我出口，你不能竞争，我把你推入破产，那只是生意，但如果你出口，我不能竞争，你是在“损害我的利益”，是邪恶的，应该受到制裁、惩罚和失去信誉。这就是故事的全部。

And, just so it doesn’t go unsaid, who are the world leaders in receiving government subsidies? Boeing and Airbus. These two companies have been in and out of court for at least the past 20 years, defending themselves against charges of unfair government subsidies. US President Trump is proposing to spend $500 billion on AI funding for OpenAI, Nvidia and others. Is that a subsidy? Of course it is. Every government helps to fund fledgling companies in nascent industries, and there is nothing immoral about that. But the main point is that the accusers of China are by far the worst sinners. It is legendary that every accusation by the West about China, is a confession.

而且，不要不说，谁是接受政府补贴的世界领导人？波音和空客。这两家公司至少在过去20年里一直在庭内外，为不公平政府补贴的指控辩护。美国总统特朗普提议在OpenAI、英伟达等公司的人工智能资金上投资5000亿美元。这是补贴吗？当然是这样。每个政府都帮助资助新兴行业的新兴公司，这并没有什么不道德的。但主要的问题是，指控中国的人是迄今为止最严重的罪人。传说，西方对中国的每一个指责都是忏悔。

移动电话 — Mobile Phones

It seems strange that there might be any connection between these two industries, much less a synergy, especially since the auto industry is renowned for its high start-up costs, but there is a synergy indeed. Major mobile phone manufacturers in several countries turned their attention to automobiles, the Chinese in particular having achieved spectacular successes. Both Huawei and Xiaomi are already deeply into the EV market and their models have proven hugely popular. Another Chinese mobile phone brand, Oppo (the world’s fourth-largest brand), has partnered with BYD to integrate its smartphone technology within BYD’s auto systems, permitting the control of BYD electric vehicles from the Oppo smartphone. [5] It’s interesting that Oppo had finalised plans to manufacture its own cars, but then decided on a joint venture with BYD instead. [6] Similarly, the Chinese phone brand Vivo has joined forces with Volkswagen to accomplish similar results. [7]

这似乎很奇怪，这两个行业之间可能有任何联系，更不用说协同作用了，尤其是由于汽车行业以其高的启动成本而闻名，但确实存在协同作用。几个国家的主要手机制造商将注意力转向了汽车，特别是中国人已经取得了惊人的成功。华为和小米都已经深入进入电动汽车市场，它们的车型已经被证明非常受欢迎。另一个中国手机品牌Oppo（世界第四大品牌）已与BYD合作，将其智能手机技术集成到BYD的汽车系统中，允许通过Oppo智能手机控制BYD电动汽车。[5] 有趣的是，Oppo已经敲定了生产自己的汽车的计划，但后来决定与BYD成立一家合资企业。[6] 同样地，中国手机品牌Vivo也与大众汽车联手，取得了类似的效果。[7]

Elon Musk took some cheap shots on Twitter at the Chinese smartphone firms entering the auto market, saying that “Prototypes are easy, production is hard”, [8] and making a stunning fool of himself when the Huawei and Xiaomi EVs exploded on the Chinese market. Musk also denigrated BYD as inconsequential in the EV world, only to wake up the next morning to discover that BYD was the largest EV manufacturer in the world, with sales outstripping Tesla, and with levels of quality and consumer attraction both significantly higher than with the Tesla product. Musk has been thankfully silent on BYD and Chinese EVs ever since.

埃隆·马斯克在推特上对进入汽车市场的中国智能手机公司进行了一些廉价的抨击，他说“原型很容易，生产很难”，当华为和小米电动汽车在中国市场爆炸时，[8]弄傻了。马斯克还诋毁BYD在电动汽车领域无关紧要，第二天早上醒来就发现BYD是世界上最大的电动汽车制造商，销量超过特斯拉，质量和消费者吸引力都明显高于特斯拉的产品。谢天谢地，马斯克一直对BYD和中国电动汽车保持沉默。

As one publication noted, “Digital convenience is fast becoming as prized as horsepower once was. This merger of mobility and mobile tech is a natural next step in our increasingly connected environment”. And this seems to be a case of the tail wagging the dog, in that the mobile phone technology appears to be the most important element in this tech synergy. It appears that EV manufacturers are not just selling cars any more, but are increasingly creating an integrated digital world. Both the automakers and phone companies are crossing industrial lines and creating very new industry combinations that were unimagined only a few years prior.

正如一份出版物所指出的，“数字便利正迅速变得像马力一样珍贵。”移动性和移动技术的合并是我们日益互联的环境中自然迈出的下一步。”这似乎是一个摇尾巴的例子，因为手机技术似乎是这种技术协同作用中最重要的因素。电动汽车制造商似乎不再在销售汽车，而且在越来越多地创造一个集成的数字世界。汽车制造商和电话公司都在跨越工业界限，创造出几年前还无法想象的非常新的行业组合。

It seems that the new generation of automobiles – EVs – is becoming saturated with precisely the kinds of technology the smartphone companies have been researching and applying for years. Moreover, it is beginning to appear that EV autos are essentially a “simple platform”, while this digital technology is the driver of future development. Worthy of note is that Volkswagen, among other Western auto manufacturers, attracted substantial public criticism, not for their cars but for the inadequate and malfunctioning digital tech systems. This means the transportation element is taking second place to the digital portion. It isn’t only a mobile phone’s inner technology, but the prospect of integrating phone and auto, with much of the control and operation residing in the phone. Some Chinese EV manufacturers have attempted to create their own versions of mobile phone, primarily it seems, to offer an integrated product. We seem to be approaching the position where EV and mobile phone are a blended and coordinated unit sold as a package.

新一代的汽车——电动汽车——似乎正被智能手机公司多年来一直在研究和应用的各种技术所饱和。此外，电动汽车本质上是一个“简单的平台”，而这种数字技术则是未来发展的驱动力。值得注意的是，大众汽车和其他西方汽车制造商一样，招致了大量的公众批评，不是因为他们的汽车，而是因为数字技术系统的不足和故障。这意味着运输元件正排在数字部分的第二位。这不仅是手机的内部技术，而且是将手机和汽车集成的前景，大部分控制和操作都留在手机中。一些中国电动汽车制造商试图创造自己的版本手机，似乎是为了提供集成产品。我们似乎正在接近电动汽车和手机是一个混合和协调的单位，作为一个打包销售的位置。

And it isn’t only smartphone companies getting into the act. The Chinese internet search giant Baidu announced plans in 2021 to establish an EV manufacturing company, in part through a partnership with Geely. Part of the attraction, and the supposed synergy, is that Baidu owns many related core technologies, including its Apollo autonomous driving system, its voice assistant for Apollo and Baidu Maps, and its own forays into AI. Baidu believes it can reshape “intelligent vehicles” and help to energise a transportation revolution. It’s new EV is already in production and has sold hundreds of thousands, this for a car with no steering wheel.

不仅仅是智能手机公司也参与进来。中国互联网搜索巨头百度在2021年宣布了建立一家电动汽车制造公司的计划，部分原因是通过与吉利的合作。百度的部分吸引力和所谓的协同作用是，百度拥有许多相关的核心技术，包括阿波罗自动驾驶系统、阿波罗和百度地图的语音助手，以及百度自己对人工智能的尝试。百度相信，它可以重塑“智能汽车”，并帮助推动一场交通革命。这款新电动汽车已经投入生产，已经售出了数十万辆，这是一辆没有方向盘的汽车。

An interior shot of Baidu’s new robotaxi. The steering wheel is detachable, and will be removed once the company receives approval from authorities, according to a company executive. Source

百度的新机器人出租车的内部照片。据公司高管表示，方向盘是可拆卸的，一旦公司获得有关部门批准，将被拆卸。根源

Here is one graphic illustrating the respective sales of some Chinese EV brands. The most notable fact being BYD’s enormous lead over everyone – including Tesla. However, the sales landscape is forever changing because sales of the smaller brands can change markedly by month. [9]

以下是一些中国电动汽车品牌各自的销售情况。最值得注意的事实是BYD遥领先于所有人——包括特斯拉。然而，销售格局永远在变化，因为小品牌的销售可能会每月发生显著变化。[9]

Nov 2024 Sales. Source.

2024年11月销售。根源

There are many other Chinese participants in this new sector. Nio, X-peng and Li Auto have already entered the EV market, and are experiencing good sales. X-Peng is particularly noteworthy for its excellent autonomous flying taxi which is already in production in China and experiencing both domestic and international sales. Further, the E-commerce giant Alibaba formed a joint venture with Shanghai’s SAIC Motors to produce smart EVs, and the ride-hailing company Didi Chuxing is building smart cars in partnership with BYD. As a point of note, it is now possible to call an autonomous (driverless) taxi in many Chinese cities.

在这个新领域，还有许多其他中国参与者。新、x鹏、李汽车已经进入电动汽车市场，销售良好。x鹏以其卓越的自动驾驶出租车特别闻名，它已经在国内生产，并经历了国内外销售。此外，电子商务巨头阿里巴巴与上海上汽集团成立了一家合资企业，生产智能电动汽车，叫车公司滴滴出行正在与BYD合作开发智能汽车。值得注意的是，现在在中国许多城市可以叫自动驾驶（无人驾驶）出租车。

比亚迪电动汽车 — BYD Electric Cars

BYD Sedan. Source.

比亚迪轿车。根源

BYD is China’s largest EV manufacturer, and has surpassed all the long-established manufacturers in terms of appearance, quality and price. It has also surpassed Tesla. In 2022, BYD made the bold decision to cease production of internal combustion engine models and focus all its attention on all-electric vehicles and a few hybrid models. [10] BYD was the world’s biggest seller of pure electric cars by the end of 2024, assisted by the fact that Tesla’s sales fell substantially short of expectations. BYD beat Tesla by more than 20 per cent in terms of deliveries. [11] The company makes some truly beautiful cars that are very affordable.

BYD是中国最大的电动汽车制造商，在外观、质量和价格方面都超过了所有老牌的制造商。它也超过了特斯拉。2022年，BYD做出了一个大胆的决定，停止生产内燃机车型，并将所有的注意力集中在全电动汽车和一些混合动力车型上。到2024年底，[10] BYD将成为全球最大的纯电动汽车销售商，这主要得益于特斯拉的销量大大低于预期。BYD在交付量方面超过了特斯拉20%以上。[11] 该公司生产了一些非常漂亮的汽车，非常便宜。

比亚迪超级跑车 — BYD Supercar

BYD U9-4jpg. Photo courtesy BYD

比亚迪 U9-4jpg.照片由比亚迪提供

In 2024 BYD launched its first pure electric supercar model, the Yangwang U9. As the China Daily noted, “The U9 can accelerate from zero to 100 km/hour in 2.36 seconds and has a top speed of 309.19 km/hour, rivaling products from Lamborghini and Ferrari.” [12] This car is not cheap. It costs 1.7 million RMB, nearly US$250,000, but is powered by some core technologies that the company says “revolutionise the pure electric supercar segment”. BYD has so far delivered nearly 10,000 of these supercars. [13]

2024年，BYD推出了第一款纯电动超级跑车，杨旺U9。正如《中国日报》所指出的那样，“U9可以在2.36秒内从0加速到100公里/小时，最高速度为309.19公里/小时，可与兰博基尼和法拉利的产品相媲美。”[12] 这辆车并不便宜。它售价170万元人民币，近25万美元，但由一些核心技术驱动，该公司称这些技术“彻底改变了纯电动超级跑车领域”。到目前为止，BYD已经交付了近1万辆这样的超级跑车。[13]

华为 — Huawei

A typical Huawei store: mobile phones, laptop computers, and cars. Photo Credit: author

一个典型的华为商店：手机、笔记本电脑和汽车。图片来源：作者

Huawei is convinced that in some Chinese cities, four in 10 cars will be autonomous by 2030. To enable this seismic shift in transportation, the company invests about US$1 billion annually in research and development related to autonomous driving technologies. [14]

华为确信，在中国的一些城市，到2030年，百分之一就有四辆将实现自动驾驶。为了实现交通领域的这种翻天覆地的转变，该公司每年投资约10亿美元进行与自动驾驶技术相关的研发。[14]

Huawei M9-2. Source.

华为 M9-2.根源

Huawei is one of China’s “mobile phone” companies that progressed from smart phones to smart cars, and with outstanding success. The company’s new AITO M9 SUV sold more than 10,000 units within 2 hours of its launch, a testimony to the trust the Chinese public have in Huawei. [15]

华为是中国从智能手机发展到智能汽车的“手机”公司之一，并取得了卓越的成功。该公司的新款AITO M9 SUV在发布后2小时内就售出了超过1万辆，这证明了中国公众对华为的信任。[15]

This particular vehicle is a scientific marvel. The body is made of the world’s largest one-piece die-casting technology, and the vehicle is covered with aluminum alloy, making the car super lightweight. The car uses nuclear submarine-grade steel in many different places, making it especially tough and corrosion-resistant. The pure electric version has dual motors – front and rear, and features a Huawei XHUD head-up display system. It also offers car-home interconnectivity, and even a small refrigerator. It uses Huawei’s Whale 800V high-voltage battery with a durability of 150km in 5 minutes of charging. Yet, and has proven a battery life of 630km under tests in China. [16]

这种特殊的交通工具是一个科学上的奇迹。车身采用世界上最大的单件压铸技术制成，车辆覆盖铝合金，使汽车超轻。该车在许多不同的地方使用核潜艇级钢，使其特别坚固和耐腐蚀。纯电动版本有前后双电机，并具有华为XHUD平视显示系统。它还提供了汽车和家庭之间的互联互通，甚至还有一个小冰箱。它使用了华为的Whale 800V高压电池，每需充电5分钟就可续航150公里。然而，在中国的测试中，它已经证明了电池的续航时间为630公里。[16]

Huawei AITO M9 SUV interior. Source

华为AITO M9 SUV内饰。根源

小米 — Xiaomi

Xiaomi models. Source.

小米型号。根源

As a wholly-owned subsidiary of Chinese electronics manufacturer Xiaomi Corporation, Xiaomi Automobile was founded on Sept 1, 2021 in Beijing. At the same time, Xiaomi became the world’s No.2 smartphone maker by shipments. [17]

小米汽车公司是中国电子产品制造商小米公司的全资子公司，于2021年9月1日在北京成立。与此同时，小米以出货量计算成为全球No. 2智能手机制造商。[17]

Xiaomi SU7-2. Source.

小米SU7-2。根源

For the SU7, Xiaomi mobilised 3,400 engineers for the first car, with total R&D investment exceeding CNY10 billion. The Xiaomi car super factory is highly intelligent, with large die casting, stamping, body connections and other key processes all fully automated, incorporating over 700 robots, including automatic inspections and AMR autonomous movements, etc. When production is fully activated, a new car can be manufactured every 76 seconds on average.[18]

对于SU7，小米为第一辆车动员了3400名工程师，总研发投资超过100亿元。小米汽车超级工厂是高度智能的，具有大型压铸、冲压、车身连接等关键工艺都是全自动的，包括700多个机器人，包括自动检查和AMR自主运动等。当生产完全启动时，平均每76秒就可以生产出一辆新车。[18]

The good performance and fast acceleration of Xiaomi’s SU7 have received repeated and consistent praise from test drivers who claim “The appearance is undeniably beautiful, and it drives like a BMW without any frustration”. [19] Demand for the car is apparently overwhelming.

小米SU7的良好性能和快速加速得到了测试车手的一致好评，他们声称“外观不可否认，它开起来像宝马，没有任何挫折”。[19] 对汽车的需求显然是压倒性的。

名爵-荣威 — MG-Rover

Roewe Models. Source.

潍柴模型。根源

The 100-year history of MG-Rover is long and confused, and I won’t dwell on it here. In 2005-2006, Shanghai Automotive (SAIC) and Nanjing Motors collectively purchased this UK auto group, SAIC getting some Rover models and engine rights, with Nanjing taking the remainder. SAIC swallowed Nanjing Motors about ten years later, so all these models are now in the same basket. In its day, Rover in the UK was a mid-range brand while the MG was famous more for its small sports cars. Under Chinese leadership, MG is still making lovely sports cars, albeit more expensive ones, while Rover offers many models, starting with a mini (Clever) at around US$7,000. The US-based Ford Motor Company exercised its right to purchase the Rover brand name, so the auto has been re-branded as Roewe in China. The quality, range and performance appear to be quite high within both the MG and Roewe brands; most taxis in Shanghai are Roewe, and the drivers seem pleased with them.

名爵-荣威100年的历史是漫长而混乱，我不会在这里详述它。2005-2006年，上海汽车（SAIC）和南京Motors共同收购了这个英国汽车集团，上汽获得了一些罗孚车型和发动机生产权，南京获得了剩余部分。大约十年后，上汽集团吞并了南京Motors，所以所有这些车型现在都在同一个篮子里。在其时代，罗孚在英国是一个中档品牌，而MG更以其小型跑车而闻名。在中国的领导下，MG仍在生产可爱的跑车，尽管价格更贵，而罗孚则提供许多车型，售价约为7000美元。总部位于美国的福特汽车公司行使了购买罗孚品牌的权利，因此在中国更名为芙蓉汽车。MG和芙蓉品牌的质量、范围和性能似乎都相当高；上海的大多数出租车都是芙蓉，司机似乎对它们很满意。

Roewe Clever. A US$7,000 gift. Source.

冉冉冉升起。7000美元的礼物。根源

名爵敞篷电动跑车 — MG Cyberster

MG Cyberster. Source.

MG Cyberster.根源

The featured MG is of course the Cyberster, its new creation of a GT convertible sports car. However, this model is far removed from the original lines of the MG-TD, MG-A and MG-B, that were easily affordable. The electric Cyberster is roughly equivalent to a Porsche Carrera in terms of performance, and with a price to match. [20][21] Here is a 3-D video you may care to watch: [22]

MG的特色当然是赛博斯特，它的新创造的GT敞篷跑车。然而，这种模型与MG-TD、MG-A和MG-B的原始系列相差甚远，它们很容易负担得起。电动赛博跑车在性能上大致相当于保时捷卡雷拉，价格也与之相匹配。[20][21] 这是一个你可能很想看的3d视频： [22]

MG Sedan. Source.

MG轿车。根源

MG also manufactures electric sedans and SUVs, all of which are high-quality, attractive, and apparently doing well. [23][24] The MG sedans are electric also, but more conventional in design and price.

MG还生产电动轿车和suv，所有这些都是高质量的，有吸引力的，而且显然表现得很好。[23][24]MG轿车也是电动的，但在设计和价格上更为传统。

吉利-莲花汽车公司和质子汽车公司 — Geely – Lotus and Proton Cars

Lotus. Source.

莲花。根源

China’s largest independent auto manufacturer bought much of the Malaysian auto firm Proton, acquiring Britain’s Lotus Cars in the process. Proton bought Lotus in 1996 but has struggled ever since, and the inclusion of these two brands with the immense resources of Geely, will likely produce success for all of them. As Top Gear [25] noted, “Volvo has been owned by Geely this past seven-plus years, and has flourished and remained master of its own destiny.” [26]

中国最大的独立汽车制造商收购了马来西亚汽车公司宝腾的大部分股份，并在此过程中收购了英国的莲花汽车公司。宝腾在1996年收购了莲花，但从那以后一直在挣扎，将这两个品牌拥有吉利的巨大资源，可能会为它们带来成功。正如Top Gear [25] 所指出的，“沃尔沃在过去7年多里一直为吉利所有，并蓬勃发展并仍然掌握着自己的命运。”[26]

Road and Track wrote that Proton’s offerings have been “hopelessly outdated”, and the brand is “ready for a comeback”. The writers believed Proton and Lotus were both much better served by having access to Geely’s “vast engineering resources” [27] and that Geely would benefit from access to large auto markets in SE Asia where only Japanese brands seemed to thrive. [28]

Road and Track写道，质腾的产品已经“无可救药地过时了”，该品牌已经“准备好东山再起”。作者认为，质子和莲花都可以通过获得吉利的“巨大工程资源”[27] 得到更好的服务，吉利将受益于进入东南亚的大型汽车市场，那里似乎只有日本品牌蓬勃发展。[28]

沃尔沃电动汽车 — Volvo electric cars

Volvo electric cars. Source.

Initially (and still) a Swedish company, the Volvo auto division was sold to the Ford Motor company in the US in 1999. About ten years later, Ford was in serious financial trouble and sold Volvo to China’s Geely, the proceeds from the sale injecting enough cash into Ford to stave off bankruptcy. [29] Volvo’s marriage with Geely has been a happy one. The website Top Gear wrote that “Volvo has been owned by Geely [these past] years, and has flourished and remained master of its own destiny. [30] In 2020, Geely and Volvo merged some of their operations; CGTN wrote an article covering the salient points (Why a merger with Volvo makes sense for Geely). [31]

沃尔沃汽车部门最初（现在仍然是）一家瑞典公司，在1999年被卖给了美国的福特汽车公司。大约十年后，福特陷入了严重的财务困境，将沃尔沃卖给了中国的吉利，出售所得向福特注入了足够的现金，以避免破产。[29]沃尔沃与吉利的婚姻是幸福的。Top Gear网站写道：“沃尔沃在过去几年一直为吉利所有，并蓬勃发展，并仍然掌握着自己的命运。”[30]在2020年，吉利和沃尔沃合并了他们的部分业务；CGTN写了一篇关于突出要点的文章（为什么与沃尔沃的合并对吉利来说是有意义的）。 [31]

Volvo is essentially a premium brand, with unit selling prices of its fully electric models ranging beyond US$80,000. Volvo has for decades been a leader in automotive safety, and is renowned for its many safety features not found on other autos. Volvo invented seat belts for cars, in 1959, and let other automakers implement them free of patent or royalty fees, giving the world a free safety solution. [32] This company has also made some classic cars that are still in high demand after 60 years or more; the Volvo P-1800 is one example. Many of their advertisements are also classic, and were very well-received by the public. Do a search for “famous Volvo advertisements”.

沃尔沃本质上是一个高端品牌，其全电动车型的单位售价在8万美元以上。几十年来，沃尔沃一直是汽车安全领域的领导者，并以其许多其他汽车所没有的安全功能而闻名。1959年，沃尔沃发明了汽车安全带，并让其他汽车制造商不收取专利费或版税，为世界提供了一个免费的安全解决方案。[32]这家公司还生产了一些在60年或更久之后仍然需求旺盛的老爷车；沃尔沃P-1800就是一个例子。他们的许多广告也是经典的，并且受到了公众的欢迎。搜索一下“著名的沃尔沃广告”。

阿斯顿马丁 — Aston-Martin

Aston-Martin 1. Source.

阿斯顿马丁1。根源

Geely has also purchased another large stake in the high-performance realm, this one with the British Aston-Martin brand. Under Geely’s leadership, the firm intends that every model will be available with an electrified powertrain by 2026. Aston-Martin plans to launch the first electric model in the company’s history by 2025. [33][34]

吉利还购买了高性能领域的另一大笔股份，这一次是与英国的阿斯顿-马丁品牌。在吉利的领导下，该公司计划到2026年每款车型都配备电动动力系统。阿斯顿-马丁计划在2025年之前推出该公司历史上的第一款电动车型。[33][34]

苹果的造车计划遭到了蒙尘 — Apple Bites the Dust

However, not every aspirant is successful in this futuristic market, with Apple being one of the more outstanding failures. Apple had thousands of people working secretly for ten years to develop the Apple iCar, code-named “Project Titan”, but finally abandoned the project and took the losses. [35]I think we can legitimately ask where were the fabled American ingenuity, entrepreneurship and all the other good words. We are told repeatedly that “China cannot innovate”, but Chinese mobile phone companies have created and marketed very high-quality EVs, with excellent sales, and yet the famed American Apple failed at the same task.

然而，并不是每个有抱负的人在这个未来市场都能成功，苹果是最突出的失败者之一。苹果公司让数千上万的人秘密工作了十年，以开发代号为“泰坦计划”的苹果iCar，但最终放弃了这个项目，并承担了损失。[35]我认为我们可以合理地问，传说中的美国创造力、创业精神和其他好词在哪里。我们一再被告知，“中国无法创新”，但中国手机公司创造和销售了非常高质量的电动汽车，销量出色，但著名的美国苹果却未能完成同样的任务。

As far back as 2020 and 2021, the media were already publishing stories on the Apple Car’s “irrelevance” and suggesting the project would eventually die – which it did. One periodical wrote, “Apple’s car, if it ever arrives, will be electric and feature many of the same benefits that Tesla owners enjoy, with over-the-air updates, automated systems, and remote management. Previous estimates of when Apple’s EV might launch placed it five-to-seven years in the future, somewhat equivalent to ‘someday.’ So far, delays have pushed this project nearly to the point of irrelevance.” [36]

早在2020年和2021年，媒体就已经发布了关于苹果汽车“无关紧要”的报道，并暗示这个项目最终会消亡——它确实这样做了。一份期刊写道：“苹果的汽车，如果它真的上市了，将是电动的，并拥有许多与特斯拉车主相同的好处，包括无线更新、自动化系统和远程管理。”此前估计，苹果电动汽车的发布时间是5到7年，相当于“某一天”。到目前为止，拖延已经把这个项目推到了几乎无关紧要的地步。”[36]

Apple invested ten years and billions of dollars, and had around 2,000 employees, in this secretive project. [37] According to media reports at the time, the end result of this clandestine “Project Titan” was to develop a fully autonomous car, without pedals or steering wheel. Apple was going to “change the world”. But then among the leaks of information came the news that many executives abandoned the project and resigned, no doubt recognizing the futility that awaited them.

苹果在这个秘密项目中投资了10年和数十亿美元，拥有大约2000名员工。[37]根据当时的媒体报道，这个秘密的“泰坦计划”的最终结果是开发了一款没有踏板，也没有方向盘的全自动汽车。苹果将会“改变世界”。但在泄露的信息中，有消息称，许多高管放弃了这个项目并辞职，毫无疑问，他们认识到等待他们的是徒劳的。

And in this context, it wasn’t only Apple that floundered. Quite a few US EV hopefuls have backed down or backed out, blaming the actions on “slow demand” rather than admitting that US consumers were unwilling to pay astronomical prices for substandard products. Google and its “parent” Alphabet have failed badly with their autonomous cars as have Cruise and others. However, when we look at Google’s Waymo drone delivery system, we shouldn’t be surprised their EVs are similarly useless.

在这种情况下，陷入困境的不仅仅是苹果公司。相当多希望美国电动汽车的人让步或退出，将这些行为归咎于“需求缓慢”，而不是承认美国消费者不愿为不合格产品支付天文数字的价格。谷歌和它的“母公司”字母表在克鲁斯和其他自动驾驶汽车上都很失败。然而，当我们看到谷歌的Waymo无人机交付系统时，我们不应该对他们的电动汽车同样无用而感到惊讶。

But the Americans put a brave face on everything. Apple’s necessary abandonment of the Apple car was merely “a modest disappointment”, providing Apple with a new incentive for “a laser focus” to “ramp up and execute a broad AI strategy” within “the Apple ecosystem”. I wish them luck.

但美国人对一切都很勇敢。苹果对苹果汽车的必要放弃只是“一个适度的失望”，为苹果提供了一个新的激励，让其“激光聚焦”在“苹果生态系统”中“加强并执行广泛的人工智能战略”。我祝他们好运。

特斯拉可能也即将退出市场 — Tesla May be on the Way Out, too

Tesla in China is facing considerable difficulties, not least with sales plummeting by double-digits and warning of “slower growth” ahead. [38] As one measure, in January 2025, Tesla’s sales in China dropped by 11.5% while BYD’s sales soared by nearly 50%.[39] In fact, within two months, Tesla’s sales dropped from nearly 95,000 to only about 65,000. It was interesting that Tesla sales crashed in Europe by around 65% – while BYD is thriving in Europe as well as in China. It was even more interesting that the media couldn’t decide if the staggering drop in Europe was caused by Tesla’s failed new models or due to Europe’s intense dislike for Elon Musk.[40]

特斯拉在中国正面临着相当大的困难，尤其是销量暴跌两位数，并发出了未来“增长放缓”的警告。 [38]表示，2025年1月，特斯拉在中国的销售额下降了11.5%，而BYD的销量则增长了近50%。[39] 事实上，在两个月内，特斯拉的销量就从近9.5万辆下降到了大约6.5万辆。有趣的是，特斯拉在欧洲的销量暴跌了约65%，而BYD在欧洲和中国都在蓬勃发展。更有趣的是，媒体无法确定欧洲汽车销量的惊人下滑是由于特斯拉失败的新车型，还是由于欧洲对埃隆·马斯克的强烈厌恶。[40]

From recent media reports in the Wall Street Journal [41] and many other news sources, Musk and Tesla seems more interested in making profits from Bitcoin than from EV sales. [42] Perhaps that’s where Musk and Tesla belong. Tesla’s only other source of profit was in selling emission credits: selling autos somehow didn’t even appear on the income statement. [43]

从《华尔街日报》[41]和许多其他新闻来源最近的媒体报道来看，马斯克和特斯拉似乎更希望从比特币中获利，而不是从电动汽车销售中获利。[42]也许这就是马斯克和特斯拉的归属。特斯拉唯一的另一个利润来源是销售排放信贷：销售汽车甚至没有出现在损益表上。 [43]

I suppose this is mostly personal preference, but when I look at the photo below of a Tesla and BYD side by side, the Tesla seems ugly to me, obese and poorly-designed. With the large selection of genuinely attractive Chinese EVs, and with their huge quality advantage, to say nothing of the attractive prices, I can’t see why anyone would want to buy an overpriced Tesla. Compare this BYD to the homely and repulsive Tesla.

我想这主要是个人偏好，但当我看下面一张特斯拉和BYD并排的照片时，特斯拉在我看来很丑，肥胖和设计糟糕。中国真正有吸引力的电动汽车有大量的选择，以及它们巨大的质量优势，更不用说有吸引力的价格了，我不明白为什么会有人想买价格过高的特斯拉。比较一下这款BYD和普通的特斯拉。

BYD and Tesla. Source.

比亚迪和特斯拉。根源

自动驾驶系统 — Autonomous Driving Systems

BYD has one of the most, if not the most, highly-advanced driver-assistance (autonomous) systems available in automobiles today. Certainly, it is second to none. The company believes that within a few years, high-level intelligent driving will become an essential feature in automobiles, much like seat belts and airbags. BYD’s system, known as “God’s Eye” was developed in-house with entirely Chinese IP, and possesses abilities such as remote parking via smartphones and autonomous overtaking on roads, features that are normally included only on expensive models. [44]

比亚迪拥有当今汽车上最先进的，甚至不是最先进的驾驶辅助（自动驾驶）系统之一。当然，它是首屈一指的。该公司相信，在几年内，高级智能驾驶将成为汽车的一个基本特征，就像安全带和安全气囊一样。比亚迪的系统被称为“上帝之眼”，是在完全拥有中国知识产权的内部开发的，并拥有通过智能手机远程停车和道路自动超车等功能，这些功能通常只包括在昂贵的车型上。[44]

You likely have read of the emergence of China’s AI DeepSeek that threw a wrench into the world of AI by offering its exceptional model as open-source and free of charge. Among other results, that act sent Nvidia’s stock plummeting by $US600 billion, the greatest single loss in US stock market history. BYD did something similar to the self-driving software for electric autos, by announcing that it would now include this software in all of its models – even for cars costing less than $US10,0000 – at no additional cost. [45]

你可能已经读到过中国人工智能DeepSeek的出现，它提供了一种免费的开源模式，给人工智能的世界造成了破坏。其他结果包括，英伟达股价暴跌$6000亿美元，这是美国股市历史上最大的一次损失。BYD做了一些类似于电动汽车自动驾驶软件的事情，宣布它将在所有车型中加入该软件——即使是价格低于$1万的汽车——不需要额外的成本。[45]

The effect on other EV manufacturers was not small, and this action did the Tesla stock no favors, the share price immediately falling by 5%. [46] Multiple observers have said BYD’s move “puts their competitors on their heels” because of the affordable pricing. And that’s true. Other EV manufacturers already have a difficult time competing with BYD, and this move will force them to include their autonomous software as a standard feature. The benefits to society and to road safety are obvious.

这对其他电动汽车制造商的影响并不小，这一行动对特斯拉的股票没有任何好处，股价立即下跌了5%。[46]多家观察人士表示，BYD的此举“让竞争对手落后”，因为价格合理。这是真的。其他电动汽车制造商已经很难与BYD竞争，这一举措将迫使他们将自己的自动驾驶软件作为标准功能。这对社会和道路安全的好处是显而易见的。

Compare this attitude to that of Tesla, who have declared autonomous software as a premium proprietary item, and will install their self-driving features only for owners who agree to pay a fee of $99 a month or a one-time payment of $8,000. This is not different than refusing to install seat belts or air bags without an unconscionable fee. There is no thought here of the overall good of the motoring public, nor the social benefits from such systems. Tesla’s (and Elon Musk’s) only priority is to bleed the public, much as OpenAI did with the high subscription rates with their ChatGPT.

与这种态度相比，特斯拉宣布自动驾驶软件是高级专有产品，只为同意每月支付99美元费用或一次性支付8000美元的车主安装自动驾驶功能。这与不收取不合理的费用就拒绝安装安全带或安全气囊并没有什么区别。这里没有考虑到汽车公众的整体效益，也没有考虑到这种系统带来的社会效益。特斯拉（以及埃隆·马斯克）唯一的首要任务是让公众流血，就像OpenAI对ChatGPT的高订阅率所做的一样。

BYD’s autos are banned in the US, so this won’t directly affect Tesla there, but Tesla will have to rethink its fee-based strategy elsewhere or risk even steeper downfalls in sales.

比亚迪的汽车在美国是被禁止的，所以这不会直接影响到特斯拉，但特斯拉将不得不重新考虑其在其他地方的收费战略，否则将面临销量进一步下降的风险。

BYD’s God’s Eye system comprises three distinct tiers: [47]

比亚迪的上帝之眼系统包括三个不同的层次： [47]

上帝之眼A-DiPilot600（三激光雷达先进智能驾驶）为杨旺模型。– God’s Eye A – DiPilot 600 (Triple-LiDAR advanced intelligent driving) for YANGWANG models.

上帝之眼B-DiPilot300（基于激光雷达的先进智能驾驶），用于DENZA和选择的BYD模型。– God’s Eye B – DiPilot 300 (LiDAR-based advanced intelligent driving) for DENZA and select BYD models.

上帝之眼C-DiPilot100（三摄像头高级智能驾驶），用于BYD品牌的汽车。– God’s Eye C – DiPilot 100 (Triple-camera advanced intelligent driving) for BYD-branded vehicles.

Despite all the hype by Tesla about their autonomous features, it appears that BYD’s systems are superior to those of Tesla in most or all respects. It is Tesla that is off-balance, not BYD or other Chinese manufacturers, and Tesla will not only have to significantly improve its software but offer it for free on all models if it wants to compete in China – and in most countries outside the US. My personal assessment is that Tesla is going downhill and will remain there.

尽管特斯拉大肆宣传其自动驾驶功能，但BYD的系统似乎在大多数或所有方面都优于特斯拉。不平衡的是特斯拉，而不是BYD或其他中国制造商，特斯拉不仅需要显著改进其软件，而且如果它想在中国和美国以外的大多数国家竞争，还需要对所有车型免费提供软件。我个人的评估是，特斯拉正在走下坡路，并将继续保持下去。

It is important that knowledgeable observers have stated flatly that the BYD system is better than Tesla’s, better capability in the city and a safer and more capable system for highway driving. BYD also has phone-controlled parking and the other small features that Tesla boasts. [48] Tesla doesn’t even offer the highest level of autonomous operation that BYD has, nor even a match for the second level, but there is more:

重要的是，知识渊博的观察家已经断然地表示，BYD系统比特斯拉更好，在城市的能力更好，以及一个更安全、更强大的高速公路驾驶系统。BYD还拥有由手机控制的停车场和特斯拉所拥有的其他小功能。[48]特斯拉甚至没有提供BYD所拥有的最高水平的自动驾驶操作，甚至也没有与第二级操作相匹配，但还有更多：

One website stated “What’s perhaps particularly notable is that BYD was able to figure out how to have lidar and radar play nicely with cameras for maximum safety. Lidar is “light detection and ranging,” a remote-sensing technology that uses laser beams to measure precise distances and movement in an environment, in real time. [49] BYD has been able to very successfully integrate lidar, radar, and cameras for a much superior safety and performance result. Tesla could not.

一个网站称：“也许特别值得注意的是，BYD能够找到如何让激光雷达和雷达很好地使用摄像头，以获得最大的安全性。”激光雷达是一种“光探测和测距”，是一种遥感技术，利用激光束实时测量环境中的精确距离和运动。[49] BYD已经能够非常成功地集成激光雷达、雷达和相机，以获得非常优越的安全性和性能结果。特斯拉不能。

It is of considerable importance to emphasise that Tesla abandoned both Lidar and Radar, claiming its cars were better off without them, but those claims are false. According to my sources, Tesla abandoned radar and lidar because the firm supplying Tesla’s self-driving software, the Jewish-Israel firm Mobileye, was unable to produce working software without serious flaws. Elon Musk and Tesla had no choice but to discontinue use of those sensors due to the grave safety risks in the software. The claim that Tesla’s cars are better off without both lidar and radar appears to be Elon Musk burying the facts of a huge failure.

需要强调的是，特斯拉放弃了激光雷达和雷达，声称没有他们，它的汽车会更好，但这些说法是错误的。根据我的消息来源，特斯拉放弃了雷达和激光雷达，因为提供特斯拉自动驾驶软件的公司，即犹太-以色列的Mobileye公司，无法生产出没有严重缺陷的工作软件。埃隆·马斯克和特斯拉别无选择，由于该软件存在严重的安全风险，他们只能停止使用这些传感器。声称特斯拉的汽车在没有激光雷达和雷达的情况下会更好，这似乎是埃隆·马斯克掩盖了一个巨大故障的事实。

Also of considerable importance is that BYD’s total workforce exceeded 900,000 at the beginning of 2025, and more than 110,000 of that number was engineers engaged in R&D, making it the automaker with the largest R&D staff in the world.[50][51] In the middle of 2024, BYD said that of the more than 50,000 college graduates recently hired, 70% had master’s or doctoral degrees and 80% were research and development personnel. No other auto company in the world can match BYD’s dedication to research and quality. This is the reason BYD’s autonomous software was internally developed.

同样重要的是，到2025年初，BYD的员工总数超过了90万人，其中超过11万人是从事研发的工程师，使其成为世界上拥有最大研发人员的汽车制造商。[50][51]在2024年年中，BYD表示，在最近聘用的5万多名大学毕业生中，70%拥有硕士或博士学位，80%是研发人员。世界上没有任何其他的汽车公司能比得上BYD对研究和质量的奉献精神。这就是BYD的自主软件是在内部开发的原因。

Tesla, with their serious lack of R&D and engineers, had to purchase their autonomous software from what appears to be essentially a group of Jewish “hackers” in Israel. From my research, Mobileye appeared far more interested in creating and selling “remote control” systems for autos (think FBI, CIA, NSA, MI5, IDF) than about driving safety. As an example, one of the attractions touted when the Mobileye software became public knowledge was that the FBI could remotely disable all the automobiles in an area where citizens might be driving to participate in public protests. My assessment of Mobileye’s auto software was that it was primarily designed to accommodate fascist governments in population suppression. I would say there is also a high degree of certainty that it was Mobileye software that led to some very suspicious “accidents” causing the deaths of various investigative journalists and whistle-blowers in the past decade. Think of Michael Hastings. [52]

特斯拉由于严重缺乏研发和工程师，不得不从以色列的一群犹太“黑客”那里购买他们的自动驾驶软件。从我的研究来看，移动眼似乎对创建和销售汽车的“远程控制”系统（比如美国联邦调查局、中央情报局、美国国家安全局、军情五处、以色列国防军）更感兴趣，而不是驾驶安全。例如，当移动眼软件成为公众所知时，一个吸引人的地方是，联邦调查局可以远程禁用一个公民可能开车参加公众抗议的地区的所有汽车。我对移动眼汽车软件的评估是，它主要是为了适应法西斯政府压制人口的。我想说的是，也高度肯定，是移动眼软件导致了一些非常可疑的“事故”，导致了各种调查记者和告密者的死亡。想想迈克尔·黑斯廷斯吧。[52]

Further to this, Tesla is experiencing insurmountable obstacles in implementing its autonomous driving software in China, ostensibly due to “its heavy reliance on central coding of images” (read “spying” and “privacy violations”), but these obstacles may be more due to the clandestine (and psychotic) forms of remote control designed into Mobileye’s systems. In my E-book “False Flags and Conspiracy Theories”, [53] you might care to read Section 9.3. Automobile Remote Control. It discusses this entire issue in some detail, and includes related references to Tesla and Mobileye.

进一步，特斯拉正在经历不可逾越的障碍在实现其自动驾驶软件在中国，表面上由于“严重依赖中央编码的图像”（读“间谍”和“侵犯隐私”），但这些障碍可能更多的由于秘密（和精神病）形式的远程控制设计成移动眼的系统。在我的电子书《错误的旗帜和阴谋论》中，在[53]网站中，你可能会喜欢阅读第9.3节。汽车遥控器。它详细地讨论了这整个问题，并包括了对特斯拉和移动眼的相关参考。

Mr. Romanoff’s writing has been translated into 34 languages and his articles posted on more than 150 foreign-language news and politics websites in more than 30 countries, as well as more than 100 English language platforms. Larry Romanoff is a retired management consultant and businessman. He has held senior executive positions in international consulting firms, and owned an international import-export business. He has been a visiting professor at Shanghai’s Fudan University, presenting case studies in international affairs to senior EMBA classes. Mr. Romanoff lives in Shanghai and is currently writing a series of ten books generally related to China and the West. He is one of the contributing authors to Cynthia McKinney’s new anthology ‘When China Sneezes’. (Chap. 2 — Dealing with Demons).

罗曼诺夫的作品已被翻译成34种语言，他的文章发表在30多个国家的150多个外语新闻和政治网站上，以及100多个英语平台上。拉里·罗曼诺夫是一名退休的管理顾问和商人。他曾在国际咨询公司担任高级行政职务，并拥有一家国际进出口业务。他曾是上海复旦大学的客座教授，向高级EMBA课程展示国际事务方面的案例研究。罗曼诺夫先生住在上海，目前正在撰写一系列的十本大致与中国和西方有关的书籍。他是辛西娅·麦金尼的新选集《当中国打喷嚏》的特约作者之一。家伙对付恶魔)。

His full archive can be seen at

他的完整文章库可以在以下看到

https://www.bluemoonofshanghai.com/ + https://www.moonofshanghai.com/

He can be contacted at:

他的联系方式：

2186604556@qq.com

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附加阅读 — Additional Reading

美国人与汽车：资本主义和宣传（重审视）– Americans and Automobiles: Capitalism and Propaganda (Revisited)

外国汽车工业在中国的欺诈行为 — The Fraudulent Foreign Auto Industry in China

美国人和汽车：资本主义和宣传 — Americans and Automobiles: Capitalism and Propaganda

改变文化价值观 — Changing Cultural Values

中国西部价格投机 — Western Price-Gouging in China

资本主义的三个欢呼 — Three Cheers For Capitalism

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注释：中国电动汽车 — NOTES – China EVs

[1] The Fraudulent Foreign Auto Industry in China
[1]欺诈性的外国汽车工业在中国
https://www.bluemoonofshanghai.com/politics/5701/

[2] Chinese carmakers catch up in vehicle quality
[2]中国汽车制造商赶上了汽车质量
https://govt.chinadaily.com.cn/s/202409/06/WS66daea8c498ed2d7b7eb8e9f/chinese-carmakers-catch-up-in-vehicle-quality.html

[3] The EU and US Challenge China’s Overcapacity in Electric Vehicles and Solar
[3]欧盟和美国挑战中国在电动汽车和太阳能领域的产能过剩
https://manufacturing-today.com/news/the-eu-and-us-challenge-chinas-overcapacity-in-electric-vehicles-and-solar/

[4] Chinese EV factories run on 5.1% capacity only
[4]中国电动汽车工厂仅限产能为5.1%
https://carnewschina.com/2021/09/15/chinese-ev-factories-run-on-5-1-capacity-only/

[5] Oppo Partners with BYD
[5] Oppo与比亚迪合作
https://www.arenaev.com/oppo_partners_with_byd_for_interconnected_future_of_evs_and_ai-news-4070.php

[6 Yet Another Smartphone Brand Is Making An Electric Car
[6另一个智能手机品牌正在制造一款电动汽车
https://screenrant.com/smartphone-company-oppo-make-ev/

[7] VW joins forces with Vivo to forge the future of car-smartphone symbiosis
[7]大众与Vivo联手，打造汽车-智能手机共生的未来
https://www.arenaev.com/vws_cariad_joins_forces_with_vivo_to_forge_the_future_of_carsmartphone_symbiosis-news-2665.php

[8] Why do smartphone companies want to make electric cars?
[8]为什么智能手机公司想要生产电动汽车？
https://mobile-magazine.com/technology-and-ai/why-do-smartphone-companies-want-make-electric-cars

[9] China EV global sales in Nov 2024
[9]中国电动汽车在2024年11月的全球销量
https://carnewschina.com/2024/12/01/china-ev-global-sales-in-nov-xiaomi-22050-xpeng-30895-geely-122453-byd-504003/

[10] New BYD luxury electric ‘supercar’ to rival Ferrari
[10] New BYD豪华电动“超级跑车”将与法拉利竞争
https://www.cbtnews.com/new-byd-luxury-electric-supercar-to-rival-ferrari/

[11] BYD’s fourth-quarter output surpasses Tesla as world’s largest EV maker
[11]BYD公司第四季度的产量超过了特斯拉，成为全球最大的电动汽车制造商
https://www.scmp.com/business/china-evs/article/3293269/byd-overtakes-tesla-worlds-largest-maker-pure-electric-cars-fourth-quarter

[12] BYD launches electric supercar to rival Lamborghini, Ferrari
[12] BYD推出了面向竞争对手兰博基尼和法拉利的电动超级跑车
https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202402/26/WS65dc1e0da31082fc043b9183.html

[13] New BYD luxury electric ‘supercar’ to rival Ferrari
[13] New BYD豪华电动“超级跑车”将与法拉利竞争
https://www.cbtnews.com/new-byd-luxury-electric-supercar-to-rival-ferrari/

[14] Smart, self-driving cars
[14]智能自动驾驶汽车
https://www.huawei.com/en/media-center/our-value/smart-cars-the-third-space

[15] Huawei AITO M9 SUV exceeds 10,000 units within 2 hours of launch
[15]华为AITO M9 SUV在发射后2小时内就超过了10,000辆
https://www.huaweicentral.com/huawei-aito-m9-suv-exceeds-10000-units-within-2-hours-of-launch/

[16] Huawei unveils AITO M9 large size SUV with HarmonyOS 4 software system
[16]华为推出了AITO M9大型SUV与和谐OS4软件系统
https://www.huaweicentral.com/huawei-unveils-aito-m9-large-size-suv-with-harmonyos-4-software-system/#google_vignette

[17] Xiaomi Automobile Co Ltd
[17]小米汽车有限公司
https://govt.chinadaily.com.cn/s/202201/14/WS61e13925498e6a12c121d35b/xiaomi-automobile-co-ltd.html

[18] Lei Jun: Xiaomi is officially a car company
[18] Lei Jun：小米正式成为一家汽车公司
https://www.ourchinastory.com/en/11056

[19] Can Xiaomi SU7 handle the overwhelming demand?
[19]小米SU7能处理压倒性的需求吗？
https://techscapechina.com/can-xiaomi-su7-handle-the-overwhelming-demand-people-who-have-driven-xiaomi-cars-say-this/

[20] 2024 MG Cyberster Goes Live as the All-Electric Successor of the MG F and MG TF
[20] 2024 MG网络用户作为MG F和MG TF的全电动继任者而生活
https://www.autoevolution.com/news/2024-mg-cyberster-goes-live-as-the-all-electric-successor-of-the-mg-f-and-mg-tf-213585.html

[21] MG Cyberster review: electric GT convertible is a world away from the MGB
[21] MG赛博斯特评论：电动GT敞篷车是一个世界远离MGB
https://www.autoexpress.co.uk/mg/cyberster

[22] MG Cyberster 3-D video
[22] MG赛博斯特3d视频
https://www.saicmg.com/3d-cars/csh/cyberster.html

[23] Inside the New Chinese-Owned MG Motor Co.
[23]内部的新中国拥有的MG汽车有限公司。
https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a18737687/inside-the-new-chinese-owned-mg-motor-co/

[24] MG in the UK: selling China’s British car brand
[24] MG在英国：销售中国的英国汽车品牌
https://www.autoexpress.co.uk/mg/360211/mg-uk-selling-chinas-british-car-brand

[25] Top Gear
[25]顶齿轮
https://www.topgear.com/

[26] Chinese car giant Geely has bought Lotus
[26]中国汽车巨头吉利收购了莲花集团
https://www.topgear.com/car-news/chinese-car-giant-geely-has-bought-lotus

[27] Chinese Automaker Geely Buys Lotus And Malaysia’s Proton
[27]中国汽车制造商吉利收购了莲花集团和马来西亚的质子集团
https://www.roadandtrack.com/car-culture/a9921832/chinese-automaker-geely-buys-lotus-and-malaysias-proton/

[28] Chinese car giant Geely has bought Lotus
[28]中国汽车巨头吉利收购了莲花集团
https://www.topgear.com/car-news/chinese-car-giant-geely-has-bought-lotus

[29] Does China Own Volvo Cars?
[29]是中国拥有沃尔沃汽车的汽车公司吗？
https://volvovibes.com/does-china-own-volvo/

[30] Chinese car giant Geely has bought Lotus
[30]中国汽车巨头吉利收购了莲花集团
https://www.topgear.com/car-news/chinese-car-giant-geely-has-bought-lotus

[31] Why a merger with Volvo makes sense for Geely
[31]为什么与沃尔沃的合并对吉利来说是有意义的
https://news.cgtn.com/news/2020-02-13/Why-a-merger-with-Volvo-makes-sense-for-Geely-O3hq5P5vl6/index.html

[32] The BYD News Is Cool, But Not What Headlines Are Claiming
[32] The BYD新闻很酷，但不是头条新闻
https://cleantechnica.com/2025/02/11/the-byd-news-is-cool-but-not-what-headlines-are-claiming-but/

[33] Aston Martin Is Going Electric, Launching Its First EV in 2025
[33]阿斯顿•马丁将推出电动汽车，并于2025年推出首款电动汽车
https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a39798418/aston-martin-electric-lineup-reveal-first-ev-2025/

[34] China’s Geely raises stake in Aston Martin to 17%
[34]中国的吉利将阿斯顿马丁的股份提高至17%
https://global.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202305/19/WS6466e78fa310b6054fad3ee6.html

[35] Apple: Apple cancels work on electric car, moves team to AI project
[35]苹果：苹果取消了电动汽车的工作，将团队转移到人工智能项目
https://www.scmp.com/news/world/united-states-canada/article/3253434/apple-cancels-work-electric-car-moves-team-ai-project?

[36] New Apple Car Leak Claims It Won’t Have Pedals Or A Steering Wheel
[36]新的苹果汽车泄漏称它不会有踏板或方向盘
https://screenrant.com/apple-car-fully-autonomous-no-pedals-steering-wheel-report/

[37] Apple: Apple abandons electric car plans
[37]苹果：苹果放弃了电动汽车的计划
https://www.shine.cn/biz/tech/2402288635/

[38] Tesla’s Sales In China Fall As BYD Soars In January
[38]随着1月份BYD销量的飙升，特斯拉在中国的销量有所下降
https://www.carscoops.com/2025/02/teslas-chinese-sales-fall-as-byd-soars-in-january/

[39] Tesla’s China sales drop 11.5% as BYD soars 47%
[39]特斯拉在中国的销量下降了11.5%，而BYD则飙升了47%
https://www.techinasia.com/news/teslas-china-sales-drop-11-5-as-byd-soars-47

[40] Tesla Sales Crash Up To 63% In European Markets, Is Musk Or New Model Y To Blame?
[40]特斯拉在欧洲市场的销量暴跌了63%，是马斯克还是新款Y？
https://www.carscoops.com/2025/02/tesla-sales-collapse-by-up-to-63-in-france-germany-and-uk/

[41] Tesla makes more money trading Bitcoin
[41] Tesla通过交易比特币赚了更多的钱
https://www.wsj.com/articles/tesla-makes-more-money-trading-bitcoin-than-selling-cars-11619517615?mod=e2fb

[42] Tesla Apparently Makes More From Bitcoin Than It Does From Selling Its Own Cars
[42]特斯拉显然从比特币中赚到的钱比它通过销售自己的汽车要多
https://www.entrepreneur.com/business-news/tesla-apparently-makes-more-from-bitcoin-than-it-does-from/370588

[43] Tesla Made More Money Selling Credits and Bitcoin Than Cars
[43]特斯拉通过销售积分和比特币比销售汽车赚的钱更多
https://www.autoweek.com/news/green-cars/a36266393/tesla-made-more-money-selling-credits-and-bitcoin-than-cars/

[44] BYD to Enhance Electric Vehicles with God’s Eye Intelligent Driving System
[44] BYD增强上帝之眼电动汽车智能驾驶系统
https://insideautonomousvehicles.com/byd-to-enhance-electric-vehicles-with-gods-eye-intelligent-driving-system/

[45] A Chinese EV giant is now offering free driver assistance tech on cars under $10,000
[45]中国电动汽车巨头目前正在为1万美元以下的汽车提供免费的驾驶辅助技术
https://edition.cnn.com/2025/02/11/cars/china-byd-smart-driving-tesla-hnk-intl/index.html

[46] Tesla: Stock Falls on BYD’s Plan to Offer Free AI Software in EV Lineup
[46]特斯拉：BYD计划在电动汽车产品线中提供免费的人工智能软件，导致股价下降
https://www.morningstar.com/company-reports/1263849-tesla-stock-falls-on-byds-plan-to-offer-free-ai-software-in-ev-lineup

[47] BYD to Enhance Electric Vehicles with God’s Eye Intelligent Driving System
[47] BYD增强上帝之眼电动汽车智能驾驶系统
https://insideautonomousvehicles.com/byd-to-enhance-electric-vehicles-with-gods-eye-intelligent-driving-system/

[48] BYD God’s Eye More Advanced Than Tesla Full Self Driving
[48] BYD上帝的眼睛比特斯拉全自动驾驶更先进
https://cleantechnica.com/2025/02/12/byd-gods-eye-more-advanced-than-tesla-full-self-driving-fsd/#google_vignette

[49] What is LiDAR?
[49]什么是激光雷达？
https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/lidar

[50] BYD’s workforce exceeds 900,000, with nearly 110,000 R&D personnel
[50]BYD的员工人数超过90万人，拥有研发人员近11万人
https://cnevpost.com/2024/09/13/byd-workforce-exceeds-900000/

[51] BYD has the most R&D personnel among automakers and nearly 110,000 engineers, CEO says
[51] BYD的首席执行官表示，它在汽车制造商中拥有最多的研发人员和近11万名工程师
https://carnewschina.com/2024/12/30/byd-has-the-most-rd-personnel-as-an-automaker-and-nearly-110000-engineers-ceo-says/

[52] Who Killed Michael Hastings?
[52]是谁杀了迈克尔•黑斯廷斯的？
https://nymag.com/news/features/michael-hastings-2013-11/

[53] False Flags and Conspiracy Theories
[53]假旗和阴谋论
https://www.bluemoonofshanghai.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/FALSE-FLAGS-FOR-E-BOOK-with-INDEX.pdf

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